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PRESENTED BY" 



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The Book of the SonS 



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of the Revolution 
in Indiana 



Edited dy William allen wood 




*• -' » ' 



Number Two 







PUBLISHED 


BY 






The Society 


OF 


Sons of the 
1903 


Revolution 


IN 


Indiana 



iitmi 



1 q3 



pubUcatton Committee 



John T. Barnett 
David M. Parry 



William Line Elder 
Leslie D. Clancy 



William Allen Wood 

P. 

Author. 

|F'04 



(yiCKNOWLEDGMENT and Thanks are 
^/X ^^^ io Charles W. Eliot, president of 
Harvard University, and The Century 
Company for permission to reprint the essay, ''Eamily 
Stocks in a Democracy ;'' to Cyrtis Townsend Brady 
and Mc dure, Phillips ajtd Company for permission 
to reprint the article, " George Rogers Clark and the 
Great Northwest;'' to E. f. Edwards a?id The Frank 
A, Munsey Company for permission to reprint the 
article, *' The Harrison Family/' to I. S. Bradley, of 
the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, for assist- 
ance in preparing the bibliography of George Rogers 
Clark; to Holdridge O. Collins for preparing 
the historical sketch of the General Society of Sons 
of the Revolutio7t ; and to the Mermod and Jaccard 
Jewelry Company, St. Louis, for the photograph 
of the medal used in essay contests. 

THE EDITOR. 




Family Stocks in a Democracy 




N an address before the Phi Beta 
Kappa Society of Harvard Uni- 
versity two years ago, I endeav- 
ored to show, among other things, 
that democratic government, as dis- 
tinguished from aristocratic or auto- 
cratic government, has no quarrel, 
as has been alleged, with the bio- 
logical law of hereditary transmis- 
sion ; that families can be made just as enduring in a dem- 
ocratic as in an oligarchic state ; and that the highest 
types of manners in men and women are produced 
abundantly on democratic soil. I maintained that the 
social mobility of a democracy, which permits the excel- 
lent and well-endowed of either sex to rise unimpeded 
from lower to higher levels, and to seek each other out, 
and which gives every advantageous variation in a family 
stock free opportunity to develop, is immeasurably more 
beneficial to a nation than any selective in-breeding, 
founded on class distinctions, that has ever been devised. 
I pointed out that democracy promotes the transmission 
and development of inheritable virtues and powers, al- 
though it does not add to the natural sanctions of the law 
of heredity an unnecessary bounty of privileges conferred 
by law, and, indeed, abolishes the legal transmission of 
artificial privileges. On that occasion I had no time to 
do more than to mention some of the means of perpetu- 
ating good family stocks in a democracy. It seems to 
me, however, that the principal means of preserving use- 

7 



8 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

ful families in democratic society ought to be fully dis- 
cussed ; because the family, rather than the individual, is 
the important social unit ; because the perpetuation of 
sound families is of the highest social interest ; and be- 
cause the democratic form of government is that form 
which in a few years, or a few generations, will prevail 
all over the civilized world. To that discussion I venture 
to contribute the following considerations. 

It must be observed, in the first place, that the social 
freedom and mobility which permit every superior person 
to rise to his appropriate level in democratic society 
would be doubtful advantages, if for every person or 
family which should rise another should sink. If society 
as a whole is to gain by mobility and openness of struc- 
ture, those who rise must stay up in successive genera- 
tions, that the higher levels of society may be constantly 
enlarged, and that the proportion of pure, gentle, mag- 
nanimous, and refined persons may be steadily increased. 
New-risen talent should re-inforce the upper ranks. New 
families rising to eminent station should be additions to 
those which already hold high place in the regard of their 
neighbors, and should not be merely substitutes for de- 
caying families. In feudal society, when a man had once 
risen to high rank, there were systematic arrangements, 
like primogeniture and entailed estates, for keeping his 
posterity in the same social order. A democratic society 
sanctions no such arrangements, and does not need 
them ; yet for the interests of the state, the assured per- 
manence of superior families is quite as important as the 
free starting of such families. 

Before going further, I ought to explain what I mean 
by good, or superior, family stocks. I certainly do not 
mean merely rich families. Some rich families are physic- 
ally and morally superior; others are not. Obviously, 
in our country sudden and inordinate wealth makes it not 
easier, but harder, to bring up a family well. Neither do 
I have sole reference to professional or other softhanded 
people who live in cities. On the contrary, such persons 
often lack the physical vigor which is essential to a good 
family stock. I have in mind sturdy, hard-working, ca- 



Family Stocks in a Democracy 9 

pable, and trustworthy people, who are generally in com- 
fortable circumstances simply because their qualities are 
those which command reasonable material, as well as moral, 
success. I have in mind, for instance, a family whose mem- 
bers have multiplied and thriven in one New England vil- 
lage for one hundred and thirty years, always industrious, 
well-to-do, and respected, but never rich or highly edu- 
cated, working with their hands, holding town and county 
offices, leading in village enterprises, independent, upright, 
and robust. I have in mind the thousand family stocks 
which are represented by graduates, at intervals, for one 
hundred years or more, on the catalogues of Harvard and 
Yale Colleges — families in which comfort, education, and 
good character have been transmitted, if riches or high 
place have not. The men of a good family stock may be 
farmers, mechanics, professional men, merchants, or that 
sort of men of leisure who work hard for the public. But 
while I give this broad meaning to the term "good family 
stocks," I hold that one kind of family ought especially 
to be multiplied and perpetuated, namely, the family in 
which gentle manners, cultivated tastes, and honorable 
sentiments are hereditary. Democracy must show that it 
can not only ameliorate the average lot, but also produce, 
as the generations pass, a larger proportion of highly 
cultivated people than any other form of government. 

What, then, are the means of perpetuating good 
family stocks in a democracy? The first is country life. 
In this regard, democracies have much to learn from 
those European aristocracies which have proved to be 
durable. All the vigorous aristocracies of past centuries 
lived in the country a large part of the year. The men 
were soldiers and sportsmen, for the most part, and lived 
on detached estates sparsely peopled by an agricultural 
and martial tenantry. They were oftener in camp than 
in the town or the city. Their women lived in castles, 
halls, or chateaux in the open country almost the whole 
year, and their children were born and brought up there. 
The aristocratic and noble families of modern Europe still 
have their principal seats in the country, and go to town 
for a few months of the year. These customs maintain 



lo The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

vigor of the body and equability of mind. It is not neces- 
sary, however, to go to Europe to find illustrations of 
modes of life favorable to the healthy development and 
preservation of superior families. In the last century, and 
in the early part of this century, the country minister and 
the country lawyer in New England were often founders, 
or members by descent, of large and vigorous family 
stocks, in which well-being and well-doing were securely 
transmitted. Their lives were tranquil, simple, not too 
laborious, and sufficiently intellectual ; and their occupa- 
tions took them much out of doors. They had a recog- 
nized leadership in the village communities where they 
made their homes, and also in the commonwealth at large. 
They took thought for education in general, and for the 
recruiting of their own professions ; and they had a 
steadying and uplifting sense of responsibility for social 
order and progress, and for state righteousness. In many 
cases they transmitted their professions in their own fami- 
lies. So excellent were these combined conditions for 
bringing up robust and capable families, that to-day a 
large proportion of New England families of conspicuous 
merit are descended on one side or the other from a 
minister or a lawyer. 

In American society of to-day the conditions of pro- 
fessional and business life are ordinarily unfavorable to 
the establishment of families in the country. The great 
industries are carried on at centers of dense population ; 
trade is concentrated in large towns and cities ; lawyers, 
journalists, and artists of every degree, medical special- 
ists, architects, and consulting engineers, must all spend 
their days in cities. The well-educated country minister 
and country lawyer have almost disappeared. Population 
tends more and more to concentrate in dense masses. 
In a few of our older States, from fifty to seventy-five per 
cent, of the whole population live in groups or assem- 
blages numbering eight thousand persons or more. 
City life is changeful, noisy, exciting, and hurrying ; 
country life is monotonous, leisurely, and calm. For 
young children particularly, the necessary conditions of 
dense populations are unfavorable. How great the differ- 



Family Stocks in a Democracy 1 1 

ence is between an urban and a rural population in the 
average age of all who die, may be conveniently illustrated 
from the registration reports of Massachusetts, which 
have now been published for forty-seven years, and are 
believed to be reasonably accurate. In the thirty years 
from 1850 to 1880, the average age of all the persons 
who died in Suffolk County, an urban county on the sea- 
board, was 23^ years; the corresponding age in Barn- 
stable, a rural county on the same seaboard, was 37; in 
Franklin, an inland rural county, it was 385^; while in 
the island county of Nantucket it was very nearly double 
the average age at death in Suffolk, namely, 46.15. The 
same reports show that the annual death-rate is uniformly 
higher in the densely populated counties than in the 
sparsely populated ones. Other causes besides density 
of population contribute to produce these striking results ; 
but the main fact remains that a family which lives in the 
country has a better chance of continuance than one 
which lives in the city. Moreover, if we study the family 
histories of the actual leaders, for the time being, in busi- 
ness and the professions in any American city, we shall 
usually find that a very large proportion of them were 
country-bred. The country breeding gives a vigor and 
an endurance which in the long run outweigh all city ad- 
vantages, and enable the well-endowed country boys to 
outstrip their city-bred competitors. 

A very practical question, then, is how to resist, in the 
interest of the family, the tendency to live in cities and in 
large towns. For families in easy circumstances there is 
no better way than that which European experience has 
proved to be good namely, the possession of two houses, 
one in the country and the other in the city, the first to 
be occupied for the larger part of the year. But this 
method is costly, and involves a good many things not 
noticed at first sight. Thus, for example, it involves the 
employment of governesses and tutors for children under 
fifteen years of age, and the use of country boarding- 
schools to some extent for older children. It involves, 
also, the exercise of hospitality on a large scale, in order 
to secure social variety in the country house. It needs, 



1 2 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

too, good postal facilities, circulating libraries, fair roads, 
and some smooth, sheltered footpaths. During the past 
thirty years there has been in the Eastern States a great 
increase in the number of families using two houses, and 
the tendency in such families has been to spend a longer 
and longer time in the country or by the seaside. Col- 
leges, academies, and private schools have arranged their 
terms and vacations to meet this growing practice ; that 
is, they have a summer vacation of from three to four 
months. Teachers of music and the fine arts in the 
cities have no lessons to give from the first of June to 
the first of October. A laro^e number of students in 
Harvard College get engagements to teach for the sum- 
mer in families, or groups of families, which are living in 
the mountains, in the open country, or by the sea. College 
undergraduates used to teach country district schools for 
twelve weeks in the winter ; they now teach in families, 
or at summer resorts, for twelve weeks in the summer. 
These facts, and many others which might be cited, indi- 
cate a wholesome change in the habits of well-to-do fami- 
lies, in favor of country life. 

The next change for the better to be noticed is the 
adoption of suburban life by great numbers of families, 
both poor and well-to-do, the heads of which must do their 
daily work in cities. Recent improvements in steam and 
electric railway transportation make it easy for a family 
man, whose work is in the city from eight or nine o'clock 
to five or six o'clock, to live fifteen or even twenty miles 
from his office or shop. The chances are strong that the 
death-rate in an open-built suburb, provided with good 
water and good sewers, will be decidedly lower than in 
the city; indeed, that it will not be more than from one- 
half to three-quarters of the city death-rate. In the sub- 
urb are better air, more sun, and a more tranquil life. 
This method obtains more and more in the Atlantic 
States north of the Potomac, in England, and in Australia. 
The advantages of suburban residence may, however, be 
almost neutralized for the men, if the daily travel to and 
fro is made wearisome, annoying, or unwholesome. It is 
always to be wished that the ride home from shop or 



Family Stocks in a Democracy i 3 

office should be a refreshment instead of an added labor. 
In many American cities the means of communication be- 
tween the business quarters and the suburban residence 
quarters are so thoroughly bad that for the men it is a 
positive hardship to live in the suburbs. It is said that in 
some of the new cities of Australia, parks have been laid 
out between the business and the residence quarters, so 
that the daily rides between the two districts may always 
be agreeable. 

A third mode of combating the ill effects of density of 
population, and of giving city families some of the advan- 
tages of country life, is by increasing in cities the provi- 
sion of public squares, gardens, boulevards, and public 
parks. The city open square or garden is one thing, and 
the city park quite another ; the former being properly 
an open-air sitting-room or nursery for the neighboring 
people, the second being a large piece of open country 
brought into the city. Both are needful in much larger 
number and area than it has been the custom to provide 
in American cities. It is important also to cultivate 
among our people the habit of using all the squares and 
parks they have, for Americans are very far behind Euro- 
peans in the intelligent use of such reservations. To this 
end the foreign custom of half-holidays in the various 
trades is an excellent one, particulary if the half-holidays 
are taken on Wednesdays or Saturdays, when there are 
half-holidays in the public schools. To promote healthy 
family enjoyments among laboring people, ten hours' 
labor a day with a half-holiday once a week, is a much 
better industrial arrangement than nine hours' labor every 
day in the week. 

An important advantage which country life has over 
city life is that it requires, permits, or encourages out-of- 
door occupations for men, women, and children. The 
farmer and his boys habitually work in the open air ; the 
mill-hand, clerk, machinist, teacher, lawyer, and minister 
work indoors, often in positively bad air. To offset the 
evil effects of indoor occupations, every city family which 
aspires to vigor and permanence should assiduously seek 
fresh air and out-of door pleasures or occupations. All 



14 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

children in well-to-do families should be taught to walk 
long distances, to swim and to row, and to ride on horse- 
back. Girls need these accomplishments as much as 
boys. In this matter, also, democratic society must learn 
from aristocratic. Rich people used always to be great 
landowners ; now, unfortunately, people may be rich and 
yet own nothing but stocks and bonds — not even one 
house. European nobilities were always an agricultural 
class, loving good land and good crops, rejoicing in 
horses, dogs, and cattle, and delighting in hunting, fish- 
ing, shooting, racing, and all other forms of open-air 
sport. Men, women, and children rode on horseback 
habitually, and took long journeys in that wholesome 
way. Their castles and halls were so open to the air 
and so little warmed, that even their indoor life was not 
so enervating as ours. If modern democratic families 
are to be perpetuated like ancient aristocratic families, 
they must live as robust and healthy lives. If the family 
occupations are not manual, the boys should learn to use 
some tools — the gardener's, carpenter's, turner's, black- 
smith's, machinist's, founder's, or plumber's — and the 
girls should learn to cut out, sew, knit, and cook ; and 
whether the family occupations are manual or not, out-of- 
door life should be cultivated to the utmost. Americans 
have not the skill of Europeans in availing themselves of 
every chance to eat or work in the open air, under the 
shelter of a tree or of a vineclad arbor. Neither the 
poorer sort nor the richer possesses the skill, or feels an 
irrepressible desire for such opportunities. One often 
sees, in the suburbs of our cities, large and costly 
houses placed in lots so small that the owners and their 
families have hardly more room for out-of-door pleasures 
than they would have in a city block. Many a rich Amer- 
ican, who occupies without any scruple a house worth 
$100,000, will hesitate to keep open, for the use of his 
family and for the indirect advantage of his neighbors, an 
acre of suburban land worth only $50,000. The Germans, 
in their native country, excel in the out-of-door habit. 
Every restaurant and beer-garden must have some space 
out of doors, however small, for the use of its patrons in 



Family Stocks in a Democracy 15 

the warmer half of the year. Every school takes care of 
the natural-history rambles of its pupils. In the long va- 
cation, walking journeys for the boys are arranged and 
conducted by the teachers. Families devote a part of 
every Sunday in good weather to some open-air excur- 
sion. In some of the smaller manufacturing towns of 
Germany, on a pleasant half-holiday, it seems as if the 
whole population had deserted the houses, and had taken 
to the open air in the streets, squares, and gardens. It 
is extraordinary how little provision has been made in 
most American towns and cities for the out-of-door en- 
joyments of the population. Even when public squares 
and gardens have been reserved or purchased, they are 
often left in an unkempt condition and without proper 
police protection, and are not provided with seats, shelters 
from sun and wind, sand-heaps for little children, gym- 
nastic apparatus for older boys and girls,' and open-air 
restaurants at which simple refreshments may be obtained. 
As compared with European governments, American 
democratic government seems to take no thought what- 
ever for the healthful enjoyments of an urban population. 
I venture to state next the proposition, that a perma- 
nent family should have a permanent dwelling-place, 
domicile, or home town. In older societies this has al- 
ways been the case. Indeed, a place often lent its name 
to a family. In American society the identification of a 
family with a place is comparatively rare. In American 
cities and large towns there are as yet no such things as 
permanent family houses. Even in the oldest cities of 
the East, hardly any family lives in a single house through 
the whole of one generation, and two successive genera- 
tions are rarely born in the same house. Rapid changes 
of residence are the rule for almost everybody, so that a 
city directory which is more than one year old is untrust- 
worthy for home addresses. The quick growth of the 
chief American cities, and the conversion of residence 
quarters into business quarters, partly account for the no- 
madic habits of their inhabitants ; but the inevitable loss 
of social dignity and repose, and the diminution of local 
pride and public spirit, are just as grievous as if there 



1 6 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

were no such physical causes for the restlessness of the 
population. The human mind can scarcely attribute dig- 
nity and social consideration to a family which lives in a 
hotel, or which moves into a new fiat every first of May. 

In the country, however, things are much better. In 
the older States there are many families which have in- 
habited the same town for several generations, a few 
which have inhabited the same house for three genera- 
tions, and many farms that have been in the same family 
for several generations; and in more and more cases, 
prosperous men who have made money in business or 
by their professions, return to the places where their 
ancestors lived, and repossess themselves of ancestral 
farms which had passed into other hands. In the country 
it is quite possible, under a democratic form of govern- 
ment, that a permanent family should have a permanent 
dwelling ; and in any village or rural town such a family 
dwelling is always an object of interest and satisfaction. 
To procure, keep, and transmit such a homestead is a 
laudable family ambition. It can be accomplished where- 
ever testamentary dispositions are free, and the object in 
view is considered a reasonable and desirable one. It 
must be confessed, however, that very few country houses 
in the United States have thus far been built to last. We 
build cheap, fragile, and combustible dwellings, which, as 
a rule, are hardly more durable than the paper houses 
of the Japanese. Nevertheless, our families might at 
least do as well as the Japanese families, which are said 
to live a thousand or fifteen hundred years on the same 
spot, although in a series of slight houses. 

The next means of promoting family permanence is 
the transmission of a family business or occupation from 
father to sons. In all old countries this inheritance of a 
trade, shop, or profession is a matter of course ; but in 
our new society, planted on a fresh continent, it has not 
been necessary thus far for every family to avail itself, in 
the struggle for a good living, of the advantage which 
inherited aptitude gives. But as population grows denser 
and competition for advantageous occupations grows 
more strenuous, and as industries become more refined 



Family Stocks in a Democracy 17 

and more subdivided, the same forces which have pro- 
duced the transmission of occupations in famiHes in Eu- 
rope and Asia will produce it here. The children of the 
ribbon-weaver can learn to weave ribbons quicker and 
better than any other children ; the son of a physician 
has a better chance than the son of a tanner to learn the 
art of medicine, and besides, he may possess an inherited 
faculty for medical observation ; the son of a lawyer can 
be quietly inducted into his father's business with great 
advantage to both father and son. In all such cases, suc- 
cess depends on the hearty co-operation of the children, 
who may be impelled to work either by ambition and by 
an inherited disposition, or by the healthy stimulus of im- 
pending want. Under right conditions, a transmitted 
business tends to make a sound family more secure and 
permanent, and a permanent family tends to hold and 
perfect a valuable business. This principle, which is 
securely founded on biological law, applies best in the 
trades and professions, in ordinary commerce, and in the 
industries which do not require immense capitals ; but in 
Europe many vast industries and many great financial 
and mercantile concerns are family properties, and there 
is in our own country already a distinct tendency to this 
family management of large businesses, as being more 
economical and vigilant than corporate management, and 
more discerning and prompt in selecting and advancing 
capable men of all grades. The principle seems fre- 
quently to fail in this country in regard to the sons of 
uneducated men who have become very rich through 
some peculiar skill or capacity of their own which is not 
transmissible, or at least is not transmitted. The difficulty 
seems to be that the sons feel no sense of responsibility 
for their privileges and no inducement to work. Brought 
up to do nothing, they sink into the life of mere idlers, 
and are dispossessed by hard-working and ambitious men 
of the very business which the fathers created, and would 
gladly have had their sons inherit. 

The most important of all aids in perpetuating sound 
family stocks is education. Whatever level of education 
a family has reached in one generation, that level at least 



1 8 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

should be attained by the succeeding generation. It is 
a bad sign of family continuance if a farmer, who was 
himself sent away from home to a country academy for 
two or three terms, does not give his son the same or a 
corresponding opportunity. It is a bad sign if a clerk in 
the city, who himself went through the high school, is 
content that his son should stop at the grammar school. 
It is a bad sign if a professional man, whose father sent 
him to college, can not do as much for his son. Diminu- 
tion of educational privileges in a family generally means 
either decline in material prosperity or loss of perception 
of mental and spiritual values. The latter loss is a deal 
worse than loss of property in its effect on family perma- 
nence ; for low intellectual and moral standards are fatal 
to family worth, whereas countless excellent families meet 
with reverses in business, suffer losses by flood or fire, or 
confide in untrustworthy persons, and yet survive with 
all their inherent mental and spiritual excellences. In a 
righteous democracy the qualities which make a family 
permanent are purity, integrity, common sense, and well- 
directed ambition. Neither plain living nor rich living is 
essential, but high-thinking is. Now, the ultimate object 
of education, whether elementary, secondary, or higher, 
is to develop high thinking. What, for example, is the 
prime object of teaching a child to read ? Is it that he 
may be able to read a way bill, a promissory note, or an 
invoice ? Is it that he may be better able to earn his liv- 
ing? No! These are merely incidental and compara- 
tively insignificant advantages. The prime object is to 
expand his intelligence, to enrich his imagination, to in- 
troduce him to all the best human types both of the 
past and of the present, to give him the key to all 
knowledge, to fill him with wonder and awe, and to in- 
spire him with hope and love. Nothing less than this is 
the object of learning to read ; nothing better or more 
vital than this is the object of the most prolonged and 
elaborate education. The improvement of the human 
being in all his higher attributes and powers is the true 
end ; other advantages are reaped on the way, but the 
essential gain is a purified, elevated, and expanded mind. 



Family Stocks in a Democracy 19 

We often hear it said that high-school graduates have 
learned too much, or have been trained out of their sphere, 
— whatever that may mean, — and that colleges do not 
produce the captains of industry. Such criticisms fly 
very wide of their mark. They do not conform to the 
facts, and they betray in those who make them a funda- 
mental misconception of the ultimate object of all educa- 
tion. The object of education and of family life is not to 
promote industry and trade ; rather the supreme object of all 
industry and trade is to promote education and the normal 
domestic joys. We should not live to work, but work to 
live — live in the home affections, in the knowledge and 
love of nature, in the delights of reading and contempla- 
tion, in the search for truth, and in the worship of the 
beautiful and good. In urging this view of the object of 
education, I have presented the only argument needed to 
convince a fair-minded man that the family which would 
last must look to the education of its children. 

A few words ought to be said on wise marriage, for 
that wisdom is of as much consequence to family perma- 
nence in a democracy as in any other state of society. 
In the first place, reasonably early marriages are desir- 
able, from the point of view of family permanence, be- 
cause they give better promise of children, and because 
the children of an early marriage will be sooner ready to 
aid the parents or the surviving parent. A farmer who 
marries at twenty-two may have helpful children by the 
time he is thirty-five. A professional man, or a mechanic, 
who marries at twenty- four, may have a son ready to take 
up his business by the time the father is fifty ; whereas, 
if he delays marriage until he is thirty-four, he can not 
have his son for a partner until he is himself approaching 
sixty. It is a bad sign that among rich and well-to-do 
Americans marriage begins to be unduly postponed ; but 
this evil is a limited one, because it affects only a very 
small proportion of the population, and often works its 
own cure by extinguishing the families which persistently 
practise it. Secondly, free selection of mates, under the 
guidance of mutual affinities and repulsions, is the dem- 
ocratic method in marriage ; and biological science indi- 



20 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

cates that this is probably the best possible way of pro- 
ducing and maintaining a vigorous race. Selective in- 
breeding, such as has been attempted in noble families 
in Europe, has not succeeded ; selection superintended 
by elders, as in France, certainly works no better than 
free selection ; and marriage by commercial arrangement, 
or by purchase more or less disguised, whether of the 
woman by the man or of the man by the woman, is cer- 
tainly not conducive either to family happiness or to 
family permanence in our day, whatever it may have been 
in patriarchal or matriarchal times. Every principle of 
poHtical and social freedom tends to confirm and to es- 
tablish the practice of unrestricted freedom of selection in 
marriage ; so that we may well believe that American 
practices in this regard will ultimately become universal. 
With a view to family permanence and to continuous im- 
provement, there are two directions in which the common 
American marriage practices might be improved. In the 
first place, among attractions for either sex, physical 
strength and constitutional vigor and promise should 
count for more than they generally do ; and among re- 
pulsions, constitutional weakness or delicacy and bad 
bodily inheritances should also count for more. Secondly, 
engagements to marry should not be made until the edu- 
cation of both parties has been completed, and their 
tastes and capacities have become tolerably well defined. 
Many ill-assorted marriages result from engagements 
made before one of the parties has attained his or her 
mental growth, or become acquainted with his or her 
powers and inclinations. 

Suggestions are frequently made nowadays that the 
human race could be improved by utterly abolishing the 
institution of the family, and applying to men and women 
the methods of breeding which are successfully applied 
to domestic animals. All these suggestions fly in the 
face of every doctrine of human rights which mankind has 
been painfully trying for centuries to establish, and which 
at last it sees recognized by a considerable portion of the 
race. Moreover, in the domestic animals men have 
sought to reproduce and to develop certain bodily 



Family Stocks in a Democracy 21 

powers ; they have not had to deal with mental and 
spiritual gifts. They have sought the best trotters among 
horses, the best milkers among cows, and the best layers 
among hens. The problem of improving the human race 
is infinitely more complex ; for the main improvements 
to be sought, although undoubtedly having a physical 
basis, are improvements in mental and spiritual powers, 
the relations of which to the body are by no means under- 
stood. To the solution of this more complex and more 
recondite problem the results obtained in the breeding of 
valuable varieties of domestic animals contribute hardly 
anything of value. Meantime, the family remains the 
most sacred, durable, and potent of human institutions, 
and through it must be sought the replenishment and 
improvement of society. 

If adequate laws and institutions provide for the safe 
holding and transmission of property, whatever promotes 
thrift and accumulation of property in families promotes 
family permanence. Democracy distrusts exaggerated 
accumulations of property in single hands ; but it firmly 
believes in private property to that extent which affords 
reasonable privacy for the family, promotes family con- 
tinuance, and gives full play to the family motive for mak- 
ing soil, sea, and all other natural resources productive 
for human uses. Thus democratic legislation incorporates 
and protects savings banks, trust companies, insurance 
companies of all kinds, benefit societies, and co-operative 
loan and building associations, which are all useful institu- 
tions for promoting thrift, if they are vigilantly watched 
and wisely controlled by the state. But the most direct 
legislative contribution to family permanence, apart from 
marriage and divorce laws, is to be found in the laws reg- 
ulating the transmission of land, buildings, implements, 
wagons, vessels, household goods, and domestic animals, 
both by will or contract and in the absence of will or con- 
tract. The great majority of families hold no other kinds 
of property than these, the ancient and universal kinds. 
Stocks and bonds, forms of property which have practic- 
ally been created within forty years, are held only by an 
insignificant proportion of families ; so that legislation 



22 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

affecting unfavorably the transmission of these new forms 
of property from one generation to another could not be 
very injurious to the family as an institution. For ex- 
ample, succession taxes on stocks and bonds might be 
imposed without serious harm. On the other hand, any 
legislation which should destroy or greatly impair the in- 
heritable value of land, or of improvements on land, 
would be a heavy blow at family permanence, particularly 
in a state where land is for the most part owned by the 
occupiers. The farm, the village lot, and the town or 
city house with its appurtenances and contents, constitute 
transmissible family property in the vast majority of 
cases. In the interests of the family, democratic legisla- 
tion on inheritances should chiefly regard, not the few 
estates which are counted In hundreds of thousands of 
dollars, but the millions which are counted In hundreds 
of dollars. Inheritances of a few hundreds of dollars 
have a great importance from the point of view of family 
permanence ; for most Inheritances are on that scale, and 
five hundred dollars means a favorable start in life for 
any young working man or woman. The proposal to 
destroy by taxation the transmissible value of land seems 
to be aimed at the few unreasonably rich, but it would 
strike hardest the frugal and hard-working millions. 

Lastly, family permanence Is promoted by the careful 
training of successive generations In truth, gentleness, 
purity, and honor. It Is a delightful fact that these noble 
qualities are in the highest degree hereditary, and just as 
much so in a democratic as In an aristocratic society. 
They are to be acquired also by Imitation and association ; 
so that a good family stock almost Invariably possesses 
and transmits some of them. Truth is the sturdiest and 
commonest of these virtues ; gendeness is a rarer endow- 
ment ; purity and honor are the finest and rarest of them 
all. In a gentlemen or a lady they are all combined. 
Democradc society has already proved that ladles and 
gentlemen can be made much more quickly than people 
used to suppose ; but since It has been In existence hardly 
one hundred years, it has not yet had time to demonstrate 
its full effect In producing and multiplying the best family 



Family Stocks in a Democracy 



23 



stocks. It has already done enough, however, to justify 
us in believing that in this important respect, as in many 
others, it will prove itself the best of all forms of social 
organization. 

Does any one ask, Why take so much thought for the 
permanence of superior families ? I reply that the family 
is the main object of all the striving and struggling of 
most men, and that the welfare of the family is the ulti- 
mate end of all industry, trade, education, and govern- 
ment. If the family under a democratic form of govern- 
ment is prosperous and permanent, the state, and 
civilization itself, will be safer and safer through all 
generations. 





-JjHBgnwW'WA"*'!*'!""""' I 



I » i Jj;j il jj^jJjJ il J H'" 



The Harrison Family 




HEN the elder Dumas was delving 
into the records of the conflict that 
ended when Charles I yielded his 
head to the executioner, the great 
romancer discovered some traditions 
relating to an officer of Cromwell's 
army which especially fascinated 
him. In the story of Colonel Har- 
rison, whom Cromwell loved and 
wholly trusted, there seemed to be just the material 
which, leavened by the magic power of Dumas' s imagi- 
nation, would create a romance such as he delighted to 
write. He did not know — or at least he never intimated 
that he knew — that at the very time when he was prepar- 
ing the material for those romances of which the first is 
the famous "Three Musketeers," a lineal descendant of 
Colonel Harrison had just been chosen President of the 
United States. 

To Dumas's vivid fancy, the story of this Puritan 
officer suggested the elements essential for the creation 
of a great hero of romance. It was a story of bravery, 
firmness, and moral integrity and purity; a story that 
contained as thrilling a narration of bravery upon the 
field of battle as ever has been told of any soldier ; a story 
that spoke of an absolute incorruptibility and devotion to 
conviction, and a firmness of the same fiber that showed 

24 




Benjamin Harrison, 
signer of the declaration of independence 



25 



The Harrison Family 27 

in Cromwell himself. Added to this there was the tragic 
experience that fell to Colonel Harrison, who was in 
command of the troops upon the day when King Charles 
knelt to the block, and who himself went unflinchingly to 
death upon the gibbet. 

Dumas never had the desired opportunity for writing 
a romance of this kind; perhaps because he felt that it 
would be threshing old straw to return to it after the 
** Musketeers " series was ended. But the qualities 
which endeared Colonel Harrison to Cromwell, and 
which the greatest of French romancers perceived and 
admired, are those that have distinguished the Puritan 
leader's descendants. At intervals of many years their 
inheritance of mental force has so made itself known and 
felt as to place them among the great men of their 
country. 

Nearly a hundred years elapsed after Colonel Harri- 
son represented the power of Cromwell at the execution 
of Charles I, before the traits conspicuous in him made 
one of his descendants a man of mighty influence in the 
establishment of American independence. The elder 
Harrison had assisted greatly in the assertion of the prin- 
ciple that all government should be by the people ; and 
this was -to be the charter of the new nation which his 
sons helped to found. 

In 1774, when the mutterlngs of revolution were be- 
ginning to be heard from Massachusetts Bay to Charles- 
ton Harbor, a Virginia planter stood at Jefferson's right 
hand, as Patrick Henry stood at his left, to make the 
voice of Virginia heard with that of Massachusetts in 
claiming the right of self-government. He must have 
been a cordial man, since every one called him Ben Har- 
rison. He had a rugged oratory, but his personal influ- 
ence and his fiery energy were more potent than any 
public speech he ever made. Planter as he was, a resi- 
dent of that district of Virginia from whose soil sprang 
three men destined to become Presidents of the United 
States, he was also a politician ; nay, more than that — he 
was a constructive statesman. When temptation came 
to him to join those of Virginia's aristocracy who were 



28 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

proud to call themselves loyalists, he spurned it. When 
it was pointed out to him that those who signed the Dec- 
laration of Independence were committing treason, he 
only emphasized his glory in such an offense, and his de- 
fiance of the royal power. Refusing to accept the presi- 
dency of the Continental Congress for himself, with his 
own brawny arms he actually lifted John Hancock from 
his seat and placed him in the presiding officer's chair. 
He signed the Declaration with an exultation that caused 
comment. His whole public career in that eventful time 
was conspicuous for courage, firmness, and moral and 
intellectual honesty. 

These hereditary qualities did not pass over several 
generations before they were again revealed. At the 
time when Ben Harrison was by speech and personal in- 
fluence compelling Virginia and Massachusetts to join 
hands, a son was born to him who seemed in childhood 
to be destined to be a man of peace, of a quiet and stu- 
dious life. Tradition had it that from the mother's side 
the blood of Pocahontas flowed in his veins. It seemed 
all the more remarkable that the son of such a father as 
Ben Harrison, and a descendant of the famous Indian 
princess, should nevertheless, in boyhood give no sign of 
the possession of bold and warhke traits. Yet it is safe 
to say that the career of scarcely any other American was 
so romantic, for many years so full of danger, and for so 
long a time characterized by almost absolute power of 
government, as that which awaited William Henry 
Harrison. 

When he proposed to be a physician, his parents 
thought that choice consistent with his character ; and 
although he came under the patronage of Robert Morris, 
perhaps the greatest of American financiers, yet the influ- 
ence of the famous Philadelphian seemed not to distract 
him from professional studies. All at once, however, as 
with the suddenness of inspiration, he abandoned medi- 
cine for the army. Of all of those who knew him, there 
was only one who approved this step. President Wash- 
ington, who read men, knew young Harrison. He ap- 
pointed him an ensign, and sent him into that unknown 




William Henry Harrison, 



NINTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 



The Harrison Family 31 

land of mystery and danger then indefinitely called the 
Northwest Territory. 

Here Harrison revealed a military capacity which 
showed that his desire to enter the army was born of 
latent ability. That he had the courage of his fathers 
was indicated when the treacherous Tecumseh menaced 
him, and would have brained him but for the coolness of 
the young officer, who, a day or two later, entered Te- 
cumseh's camp alone, and treated with the chief as if he 
had nothing to fear. In the battle of the Miami River, 
his personal courage was so great that " Mad Anthony " 
Wayne made special mention of it in his report to the 
war department. His firmness was proved in his deal- 
ings with the Indians and with the rapacious land grab- 
bers. In spite of the schemers' threats to destroy his 
reputation, he battled steadily for just laws upon the 
pubUc land question, finally creating the system that has 
controlled the policy of the government from that day to 
this. His sense of honor was so keen that he not only 
refused to accept fees which were legally his, but declined 
to take indirect advantage even of the legitimate oppor- 
tunities that came to him as the governor, and practically 
the absolute ruler, of a vast territory that has since de- 
veloped into a group of great and prosperous States. 
Among the many propositions he refused was one that 
would have made him very wealthy, and his heirs enor- 
mously rich, for it would have given him one-third of 
what is now the city of St. Louis. 

After his career in the Northwest, as a representative 
and senator in Congress, and as minister to the new Re- 
public of Colombia, William Henry Harrison returned to 
private life upon a little farm at North Bend, Ohio, so 
poor that he was embarrassed for the means to support 
his family. Here again those sturdy Puritan characteris- 
tics were revealed. Having determined that the use of 
intoxicants was a great evil, relentless logic forced him 
to the conclusion that their manufacture was also harm- 
ful ; and he deliberately abandoned the distilling of 
whisky from the corn he raised upon his farm, although 
it had furnished him with a considerable part of his small 



32 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

income. That he might obtain a living, his friends made 
him clerk of one of the courts of Cincinnati, and he went 
from that office to his thirty-one days' tenure of the 
Presidency. 

The qualities made conspicuous by the careers of 
these three members of the Harrison family were again 
to be revealed in the second generation from William 
Henry Harrison. On the farm at North Bend, where 
our ninth President had proposed to spend his remain- 
ing days, was born a grandson to whom was given the 
name of his great grandfather, Benjamin. He was old 
enough to remember the exciting campaign of 1840, the 
like of which we shall never see again, which carried his 
grandfather to the Presidency. His father, John Scott 
Harrison, was a farmer — a man respected by his neigh- 
bors, who several times elected him to local offices ; but 
yet a plain farmer who reared his children to be farmers 
after him. But young Benjamin had ambitions. His 
schoolmates remember him as a boy of serious mood, 
who had both courage and honesty. Moreover, they 
thought him a little stubborn in some things. Even in 
his childhood days he had impressed his playmates by 
the very qualities that distinguished his ancestors. He 
absorbed all the scholarship that came within his reach, 
made his way to the bar, and then — already married, be- 
fore he was of age, to one who was to prove a true help- 
mate — he began his career in the capital city of Indiana. 

His brethren at the bar very early discovered that 
"young Ben Harrison" possessed a gift inherited from 
none of his ancestors upon the paternal side. Whether 
Colonel Harrison was an orator or not we do not know. 
That the bluff Ben Harrison of the Revolution had a rude 
but powerful command of argument, was the testimony 
of his associates. William Henry Harrison had some 
fluency in writing, but no especial charm as a public 
speaker. The young lawyer of Indianapolis early revealed 
not only a singular felicity in the choice of words, the ar- 
rangement of sentences, and the command of those arts 
which make the orator, but also a lucid and convincing 
power of reasoning. In some of his earlier speeches the 




The Harrison Home, Indianapolis 



33 



The Harrison Family 35 

arrangement of words was so rhythmical that at times it 
seemed almost as if he were speaking in blank verse. 
His voice was musical, and his manner dignified beyond 
the habit of most orators of that day in the West. That 
he should have had such a sense of rhythm is all the more 
remarkable when it is known that for music itself he has 
never had any appreciation or understanding. It is said 
of him in his army days that there were only two tunes 
which he recognized when the band was playing upon 
parade or giving concerts; one was "Old Hundred," and 
the other "The Star Spangled Banner." 

In his early career at the bar in Indianapolis, Benja- 
min Harrison gained the recognition which absolute hon- 
esty, both moral and intellectual, is sure to secure ; and 
he was early discovered to be a very firm man. Those 
two qualities were afterwards strikingly manifested. 
Perhaps, after all, the union of them was most forcibly il- 
lustrated in a case which must have appealed very greatly 
to the tenderer side of his nature. A request had been 
made of him, when President, by a very influential public 
man, who was a member of his cabinet, that he should 
promote a certain army officer to a higher rank, in which 
a vacancy then existed. Every impulse of his nature 
urged him to make the appointment. Friendship, con- 
sideration for one who was deeply afflicted at that time, 
and even political advantages, personal to himself, sug- 
gested the promotion ; but he saw that to grant it would 
be to do injustice to other officers, senior to the man for 
whom the place was asked. In spite of inclination, it did 
not take him long to decide upon the right course; and 
having thus decided, with the old Puritan quality of firm- 
ness, his refusal to give the desired order was absolute. 
It cost him a very dear friendship, but he felt that he had 
not been unfaithful to his convictions of right. 

The other pre-eminent characteristic of his family, that 
of courage, was revealed by Benjamin Harrison after the 
first ardor and enthusiasm of youth had passed. With 
the call for troops in 1861, the military impulse which had 
served Cromwell and the English people so well, and a 
hundred and fifty years later had so notably aided the 



36 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

struggling colonies, again possessed the young Indianap- 
olis lawyer. He had a wife and children dependent upon 
him ; he was just beginning to secure a comfortable prac- 
tice ; but he hesitated not a moment. He would be the 
last man to claim any special merit in this, since he has 
said that thousands of others did exactly what he then 
did. But military life revealed in him the qualities that 
make the soldier, and he became not a political general, 
but a fighting general. Sherman has testified to his 
courage, and General Logan once said that Harrison was 
one of the bravest men he ever saw upon the field of 
battle. During the campaign of 1888, which resulted in 
his election to the Presidency, many anecdotes were told 
of his bravery in the field. The quality in him was not a 
mere absence of fear, but a capacity to face danger, 
knowing that it existed, and that it might overwhelm 
him. 

Later, like his grandfather, Benjamin Harrison was 
enabled to gain an income by service as a court officer. 
He was made reporter for one of the State courts of In- 
diana, and that office and a single term as senator were 
the only public posts he held until he went to the White 
House. 

It has been one of the criticisms of General Harrison 
that he made no warm friendships while in the Senate, 
and perhaps none while in the Presidency. But those 
who knew him best in both those offices assert that this 
criticism comes from public men who found, in their deal- 
ings with him, that he was a man of the firmness, the 
moral honesty, that characterized the ideal Puritan. 

He revealed, too, in his life in Washington, another 
quality that showed in William Henry Harrison and in 
the elder Ben Harrison. This was a certain democracy 
— not using the word in its political sense. None of 
these men had any affectation of manner. Ben Harrison 
the elder was as simple and unaffected as he was blunt. 
In his personal relations, William Henry Harrison was so 
tender, considerate, and unassuming as to cause men to 
wonder how he could have been so efficient as a military 
commander. And while a certain mannerism, perhaps 




Benjamin Harrison, 

TWENTY-THIRD PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 



The Harrison Family 



39 



due to early struggles, has characterized his grandson, 
yet it was not the manner of affected dignity, of pompous 
self-importance, or the imitation of aristocracy. 

Among the distinguished American families, only the 
Adamses, and possibly the descendants of Roger Sher- 
man, can compare with the Harrisons in the extent of 
public recognition and the tributes of respect accorded to 
their patriotic services. And it may be said, with truth, 
that of all the names that stand for achievement in this 
country, not one can trace in direct Hne so remarkable 
an inheritance of salient mental power. 





1^=^ 



^J^O 




George Rogers Clark and the 
Great Northwest 

I. The Origin of a Great Idea 




IHE first white man who penetrated the 
heart of the territory bounded by the 
Ohio, the great Lakes and the Mis- 
sissippi, was that redoubtable explorer 
and heroic soul, Robert Cavelier, Sieur 
de la Salle. In 1669-70 he traversed 
what is now Indiana and explored the 
country along the beautifijl Ohio as 
far as the Mississippi, claiming the whole vast region for 
France. For nearly one hundred years thereafter the 
white flag of that sunny land flutttered from the staffs of 
small forts, which were erected from time to time at 
strategic points commanding the river highways, in 
accordance with the military genius of the French soldiery. 
These strategic points became centers of trade, agricul- 
ture, and commerce in the succeeding centuries. 

In 1727 the Sieur de Vincennes established a military 
post on the Ouabache (Wabash), where the town of the 
same name now stands in southern Indiana. In 1735 ^ 
few families settled there, and their number was slowly 
augmented during the century. The fort, although nearer 
the province of Quebec, was in the territory of the district 
of Illinois, of the province of Louisiana. The head- 
quarters of the district were at Kaskaskia, situated where 
the river of the same name empties into the Mississippi, 
and the capital of the province was New Orleans. 

40 



George Rogers Clark 41 

In 1736 the gallant commander and founder of Vin- 
cennes was killed, bravely fighting, by the English and 
Indians in a war against the Natchez, and the Chickasaws, 
when d' Artaguiette met with overwhelming defeat. Says 
Charlevoix, " Vincennes ceased not until his last breath to 
exhort the men to behave worthy of their religion and 
their country." D'Artaguiette and fifteen of his compan- 
ions were captured and burned at the stake. Louis St. 
Ange de Bellerive was appointed to the governorship of 
the little Indiana town in 1736, and remained in charge 
until 1 764 ; in this long tour of duty proving indeed a 
father to his people. 

Perhaps nowhere on the continent has humanity dwelt 
in such peaceful simplicity as in the little settlement at 
Vincennes. Even the Indians lived in amicable relations 
with the colonists in the main. Cut off from intercourse 
with the rest of the world, it passed them by unheeding 
and unheeded, the fleeting years leaving the people un- 
changed. In hunting and fishing, in agriculture of the 
most primitive kind, with implements which might have 
been used two thousand years before ; in trading down 
the river to New Orleans ; in feasting, in frolic, with all 
the gayety of their French nationality, the uneventful days 
glided by. 

Except at Kaskaskia there was not a school in the 
whole vast territory, although incredible as it may seem, 
there was a billiard table in the settlement on the 
Wabash. The little education the inhabitants received 
was imparted by the faithful and devoted missionaries who 
dwelt among them. 

In 1763, on the completion of the Seven Years' War, 
the whole country from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of 
Mexico on the hither side of the Mississippi fell into the 
hands of England by treaty, although, owing to the fearful 
outbreak of savage passion, engendered and stimulated 
by Pontiac, except Tecumseh, the ablest Indian who ever 
lived, the English were not able to take immediate pos- 
session of it. Kaskaskia and Fort Chartres, the principal 
military post, were turned over to them in 1765, and the 
post at Vincennes some time later. On the western side 



42 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

of the river France ceded her claims to the territory to 
Spain. 

The conquest made little difference to the inhabitants. 
They had not been greatly concerned in the war which 
had resulted in the transfer of their allegiance and they 
were not greatly concerned with another more important 
event which happened later on. They lived on just as 
they had done before — perhaps a little less cheerfully, a 
little less happily, under the Union Jack than under the 
Fleur-de-lis, but there was not much difference. 

Meanwhile all of the vast territory west of the Alle- 
ghany Mountains which had hitherto proved a barrier to 
the settlements having their origin on the seaboard was 
attracting the attention of such bold, adventurous spirits 
as Boone, Robertson, and Sevier. Among other empire 
builders who surveyed it with eager, if not prophetic, 
vision was George Rogers Clark. 

Like many of the pioneers he was a native of the great 
State of Virginia, where he was born on the 19th of 
November, 1752. The west was settled by men from the 
south of Mason and Dixon's line, except in the case of 
Pennsylvania. Without belonging to the landed gentry, 
the Clark family was respectable, and he himself received 
such education as the western part of the Old Dominion 
afforded. Like George Washington and many young 
men of the day, he became a surveyor, in which vocation 
he displayed great proficiency. But at best his acquire- 
ments were limited. His spelling was simply awful, al- 
though his diction and his chirography were somewhat 
better. However, spelling was thought somewhat lightly 
of by many gentlemen who had enjoyed more advantages 
than this young Virginian. 

He was a strongly built, heavy set man, with broad 
brow and keen blue eyes, with a dash of red in his hair 
from a Scottish ancestress, which corresponded with the 
fighting qualities of the man. He was a young man of 
sufficient consideration in the community to receive a 
commission as captain in Lord Dunmore's war, a school 
which graduated many officers into the more serious con- 
flict which followed hard upon it. Clark was one of Dun- 



George Rogers Clark 43 

more's staff, apparently, and therefore did not participate 
in the famous battle of Point Pleasant on the Kanawha. 
After the war he went to Kentucky, which he had before 
visited on a surveying expedition. Subsequently he be- 
came one of the most prominent of the pioneers in that 
famous territory. 

The Revolution found the Clark family intense and 
zealous patriots. The two oldest brothers immediately 
enlisted in the Continental line and served with credit — 
the elder one with distinction — during the whole of the 
war. George Rogers, the third, was not less ardent in 
his patriotism than the other two, and he displayed his 
qualities on a more splendid field. The remaining 
brother, too young for the Revolution, showed his quali- 
ties in the famous Lewis and Clark expedition across the 
continent in 1804-6. 

When the war began, the Indians, stimulated thereto 
by the British, inaugurated a series of ruthless forays, not 
only into the "dark and bloody ground" of Kentucky, 
but everywhere on the borders. The few frontier settle- 
ments in Kentucky, with which we are at present con- 
cerned, were at once put on the defensive and forced to 
fight for their lives. With the forethought of state 
builders, desirous of organizing a civil government of 
some sort in the trans- Allegheny region, and of represent- 
ing their defenseless condition to Virginia, which they 
rightly considered their mother territory, they called a con- 
vention at Clark's instance at Harrodsburg in 1775. He 
was delayed in reaching the convention when it opened, 
and found when he did arrive that he and one other had 
been elected to the Virginia legislature from Kentucky, 
which at that time had no legal existence and therefore 
no right to send delegates to the assembly. However, 
he made the long arduous journey across the mountains 
to Williamsburg only to learn that the legislature had 
adjourned before his arrival. 

He and his companion at once made representations 
to the Governor, the redoutable Patrick Henry, concern- 
ing the situation beyond the Mississippi, asking for five 
hundred pounds of powder to defend themselves against 
3 



44 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

the savages, and suggesting also that some steps be taken 
for the establishment of civil government in this wild and 
lawless expanse of territory. There was in existence at 
the time a Transylvania Company, so called, of which 
Colonels Henderson and Campbell were chief promoters, 
which claimed the right of eminent domain over Kentucky, 
and the Virginia government felt some hesitation about 
assuming any rights over this country. 

The authorities were perfectly willing to lend five hun- 
dred pounds of powder to their neighbors in Kentucky, 
on the guarantee of Clark himself, but Clark was shrewd 
enough not to fall into a trap of this kind. He rejected 
their proffer and wrote them a brilliant letter in which he 
said that a country that was not worth defending was not 
worth claiming. This sharp intimation that he would 
endeavor to get help elsewhere brought the commissioners 
to terms. Clark got the powder. It was his first success. 
Not only did he get it after the order had been given — 
and the two things were not synonymous, then ; it was 
hard to get powder in those revolutionary days, since it 
was in so great demand — but he actually succeeded in 
getting it safely into the hands of the people. This in 
spite of savage attacks and perils of a journey wellnigh 
unsurmountable. He also succeeded, through his repre- 
sentations, in having Kentucky formed into a county of 
Virginia, and brought under the operation of the civil law 
of that state, a service of inestimable value. 

Meanwhile the British, in pursuance of their well-de- 
vised plan continued to launch the savages on the backs 
of the Americans in the fond hope that they would thus 
be enabled to work their will with the harassed revolu- 
tionists on the seaboard. Major Stuart and chiefs 
McGillivray and Oconostota raised the Creeks and 
Cherokees on one hand, while Lieutenant-Governor 
William Hamilton, of Detroit, who seems to have been 
one of the chief villians in the plot, incited the Indians in the 
northwest to the war-path with great success. Campbell, 
Shelby, Sevier and Robertson held them in check to the 
southwest ; God raised up another leader to cover the 
frontier to the northward. 



George Rogers Clark 45 

It was hard living in Kentucky in those days, and the 
one man there who saw something else to do than fight 
recklessly and desperately when the savages came, the 
one man who divined how these forays might be stopped 
and who realized that in the stopping of them great bene- 
fits would accrue not merely to Kentucky, but to the 
United Colonies as well, was George Rogers Clark. 

He realized that the old French posts of Detroit, Kas- 
kaskia, and Vincennes were the points from which the 
Indians secured the necessary supplies to carry on the 
war, as well as the stimulation which enabled them to 
sweep the borders. Securing information concerning 
their strength and weakness from two spies whom he sent 
out, he conceived the magnificent design of capturing these 
points, holding them, and thus establishing for the United 
States a claim to the great territory of the northwest. 

Neither he nor anyone else dreamed for a moment of 
the great, populous and wealthy States which were 
enshrined potentially within that wilderness. No one 
could imagine that upon the barren shore of one of the 
lonely lakes tossing its fresh waters in the sunlight should 
presently rise the second city of the Union and one of the 
great cities of the world. How could he, or any one, 
anticipate the future growth of the struggling colonies ? 
The boldest imagination could not comprehend the possi- 
bility, much less the realization, of that great deluge of 
men, which, starting from the shores lapped by the ocean- 
tide, should break over the mountain crest hitherto con- 
sidered a natural boundary, and flood the wilderness until 
it reached the banks of the far-away Mississippi. And as 
for the empire beyond it over which the same tide rolls 
and still sweeps on, that was beyond the most extravagant 
dream, even. Yet with instinctive prophetic vision some- 
thing of this Titanic conception of national destiny seems 
to have come to this young man. 

II. The First Success 

In 1777 he went back to Virginia and laid his daring 
project before Patrick Henry. The stupendousness of 
the idea impressed the sagacious old Governor ; he caused 



46 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

a council to be called to consider the suggestion of the 
borderer, a council composed of himself, Thomas Jeffer- 
son, George Mason, and George Wythe. To these men, 
Clark, not much more than a boy, just twenty-five years 
old in fact, expounded his plan. They realized at once 
what there was in it. Not merely the protection of the 
settlements south of the Ohio in Kentucky, not merely 
a check to Indian aggression, but the extension of the 
borders of the United States to the Mississippi, the control 
of that vast territory between the mountains and the river. 
Room to grow, room to grow for thousands of years, 
they may have thought, instead of barely for a century. 
At any rate they approved the plan. 

Few more momentous councils have ever been held, 
although even now it is scarcely noticed in history. Clark 
was naturally selected to lead the expedition. He was 
given twelve hundred pounds in depreciated Virginia cur- 
rency, a commission as a colonel, an order for ammuni- 
tion at Fort Pitt, and authority to raise seven hundred 
and fifty men for three months' service where he could. 
Then they sent him out with their blessing and their 
good will. Such were the inadequate means provided for 
this gigantic achievement. 

The plan was kept strictly secret by Clark and the four 
men who had determined upon it. His public instructions 
from Patrick Henry ordered him to proceed to Kentucky 
and take measures for the defense of the colonists with 
such troops as he could enlist. A private letter, however, 
authorized him to take and hold Kaskaskia, Vincennes, 
and the whole northwest territory. 

Many difficulties beset the enlistment of his soldiers, 
but he finally succeeded in assembling several hundred 
men on Corn Island, at the Falls of the Ohio, opposite 
where is now the great city of Louisville. The thickly 
wooded island has since been stripped of its trees, and 
washed away by the rapid current. Many of his troops 
deserted from time to time, especially when they learned 
the real purpose for which they had been embodied, and 
he found himself left at last with about one hundred and 



George Rogers Clark 47 

fifty men ; and the time was approaching for them to start 
upon their projected expedition. 

He had chosen to camp upon this island because, on 
account of its isolation by the rapid falls, he could prevent 
further desertion. It was a good place, too, in which to 
drill and train the men in accordance with his limited 
experience. What he lacked in military training and 
technical knowledge he made up in zeal and innate capac- 
ity to command, and he soon got his little army under 
excellent control, 

A number of families which had followed him down 
the river settled on the island around a block-house which 
he built for their protection. Then he set forth to ac- 
complish his comprehensive purpose. He left his camp 
on the island on the 24th of June, 1778, and embarked 
his men, divided into four companies, in bateaux, rowing 
back up the river until he could gain the channel through 
the rapids, much more dangerous then than now, through 
which they made an exciting passage. 

The departure of the expedition was dramatic in the 
extreme. As the boats were whirled down the mighty 
river by the swift current, though it was early in the 
morning, the land was enshrouded in almost total dark- 
ness from an eclipse of the sun ; a bad omen thought 
some of the party, but Clark was no believer in omens. 
For four days they swung down the river, reaching at last 
an abandoned French post called Fort Massac. It had 
been built by the garrison of Fort DuOuesne fleeing 
from the advance of Forbes in 1759. 

There they were met by a party of hunters who had 
recently come from Kaskaskia, the capital and principal 
town of the province. They reported it to be lightly 
garrisoned and negligently guarded. Learning of the 
destination of the expedition, they asked Clark's permis- 
sion to join his party, for which one of them offered to act 
as guide. The ofler was gladly accepted, and although 
the guide temporarily lost his way and was in imminent 
danger of death at the hands of the indignant and suspi- 
cious Americans, he proved his loyalty and gave them 



48 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

good service in the end. For six days the party marched 
westward over the prairie. They had no wagons or pack- 
horses, and no baggage except what each man carried 
himself, consequently their passage was unusually rapid. 

On the evening of the 4th of July they reached the 
east bank of the Kaskaskia River, opposite the town, 
undiscovered. Marching up the bank in the night they 
found a farm-house. They put the inmates under guard, 
seized the boats belonging to them, crossed the river, and 
marched down toward the town. The commander of the 
place was M. de Rocheblave, a Frenchman. The garri- 
son was made up of Creole militia. De Rocheblave had 
implored to have British regular troops sent him, but none 
had appeared. It was not thought possible that the post 
would be attacked by the Americans, and the King had 
use for his soldiers elsewhere. On that eveningf no one 
dreamed that the Kentucky pioneers were at hand. 

One dramatic account of the capture of the place says 
that Clark surrounded the town, disposing the greater 
portion of his troops so that none could escape from it, 
and with the rest marched silently toward the fort. The 
story goes that the officers were enjoying a dance at the 
time in one of the large rooms, and that Clark, admitted 
to the fort through the postern by one of his prisoners, 
left his men outside the barracks and then walked boldly 
into the room. No one happening to notice his entrance 
he stood quietly by the door, with an inborn love of the 
dramatic, folding his arms and looking grimly upon the 
scene of gayety. 

Presently an Indian caught sight of him and recognized 
an enemy, perhaps because of the buff and blue he wore, 
and rent the air with a terrific war-whoop. The women 
shrieked, the music stopped, and Clark, with tragic inten- 
sity, bade them go on with the dance, but to remember 
that now they were to dance in honor of Virginia and 
of the United States, instead of Great Britain ! I take it 
that they were in no humor for further merriment. 
Whether the story be true or no, and some good authori- 
ties give it credence, the fact remains that the fort was 



George Rogers Clark 49 

surprised and captured without the loss of a man on 
either side. 

Clark was most anxious to get hold of the papers of 
the commander. One naive historian says that Madame 
de Rocheblave succeeded in concealing them in her bed- 
chamber, and that rather than violate the sanctity of her 
apartment and thus affront her modesty, the American 
officers suffered her to do what she would with them. 

*' Better," writes the gallant old chronicler, "better, 
yes, a thousand times better, were it so than that the 
ancient fame of the sons of Virginia should have been 
tarnished by an insult to a female." 

It is a pity to spoil a pretty story, but the papers, at 
least an important portion of them, were forthcoming, 
however they were secured. The British relations with 
the savages were revealed in them ; the English guilt was 
clear. 

By this time the inhabitants of the town were in a 
great state of terror, and Clark purposely fostered it. He 
ordered them to repair to their houses and stay there 
under pain of death, and they passed a night of anguished 
foreboding. In the morning, permission being given, 
they came to him begging him to spare the lives of their 
wives and children, offering themselves as slaves in that 
contingency, to the American chief of the " Big Knives," 
as they called the Kentuckians. What was their joy and 
relief when Clark proclaimed that their lives would be 
spared, their property respected, and that all should enjoy 
freedom. While they were enthusiastic with this news, 
he invited their allegiance to the American cause, which 
it was not difficult to secure, in view of the great tidings 
which he brought them of the capture of Burgoyne and 
the American alliance with France. 

Thereafter the French and Americans were indeed 
brethren. Their mourning was turned into joy and they 
made haste to hoist the stars and stripes which, for the 
first time, July 5th, 1778, floated near the waters of the 
Mississippi. Cahokia received the Americans in the same 
ardent way, and the conquest of the northwest, so far as 



50 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

they were concerned, was complete. In October, 1778, 
Virginia inaugurated the first civil government in the 
northwest by establishing the County of Illinois, compre- 
hending all the new territory beyond the Ohio, with 
Colonel John Todd as Governor, and Clark as supreme 
and independent military commander, 

There yet remained of the British posts to be dealt 
with, Vincennes and Detriot, before the conquest of the 
country could be called complete, the former being of 
more present importance because nearer. Among the 
inhabitants of Kaskaskia was a certain Roman priest 
named Father Gibault, whom Clark, with finer regard for 
euphony than spelling, referred to in his letters as "Mr. 
Jeboth." This devoted French missionary agreed to go 
to Vincennes, which was at that time without a garrison, 
to secure the allegiance of the populace to the new gov- 
ernment and new flag. He faithfully fulfilled his com- 
mission, and the French residents willingly assented to 
the change of government, and hoisted the American flag 
over the fort, which they subsequently delivered to Cap- 
tain Leonard Helm, who was appointed commandant 
and Indian agent at the post by Clark. 

Meanwhile Clark administered the military affairs of 
the province of Illinois with great vigor, by his resolution 
and tact compelling the Indians to bury the hatchet and 
make peace, which obtained for a considerable period. 
For the first time in years Kentucky and the borders ol 
Virginia were comparatively free from war-parties. The 
settlers could lay aside the rifle and ply the axe and speed 
the plough in safety. 

Clark's methods of dealing with the Indians were al- 
ways fine. He knew that kindness and gentleness would 
be taken by them as indications of weakness. Therefore 
he was boldness itself toward them. Years afterward, 
while making a treaty with several hostile tribes, he over- 
awed them and compelled them to make peace in the 
following way : 

Some three hundred hostile Indians in full war-paint 
met him in council at Fort Washington. Clark had sev- 
enty men in the stockade. The Shawnees were arrogant, 



George Rogers Clark 51 

boastful and full of fight. They came into the council- 
house with a war-belt and a peace-belt. Throwing them 
both on the table they told Clark to take his choice. He 
swept them both to the floor with his cane, rose to his 
feet, stamped contemptuously upon them, and sternly 
telling the Indians to make peace instantly or he would 
wipe them off the face of the earth, ordered them to leave 
the hall. They fled his presence, debated all night, swal- 
lowed the insult, and buried the hatchet. 

III. "The Hair-Buyer General." 

There lived at Detroit at this time a certain British 
officer named William Hamilton, who occupied the im- 
portant position of Lieutenant-Governor of the province. 
History has written severe indictments against this man. 
There are still in existence letters in which his employ- 
ment of Indians to carry on " civilized" warfare is proved 
beyond doubt. He is accused of having offered rewards 
for American scalps and of having paid them, and the 
facts are indisputable. Early in 1778, he wrote to Carle- 
ton, governor of Quebec, that a party of Indians had just 
come into Detroit with seventy-three prisoners and one 
hundred and twenty-nine scalps! On the i6th of Sep- 
tember in the same year, he wrote to Haldimand, who 
had superseded Carleton, that another party had arrived 
bringing twenty-nine prisoners and eighty-nine scalps. 
Among these scalps were many that had been wrenched 
from the heads of women and children ! 

This subornation of savagery is the most dastardly ac- 
tion by which a brave soldier can ruin his reputation. To 
employ ruthless Indians to prey upon women and chil- 
dren and defenceless non-combatants is the act of a vil- 
lain and a coward. There is this to be said in explana- 
tion, though not in justification, of Hamilton's action, 
that he acted under orders of his government, upon 
which the odium primarily rests ; but orders or not, no 
man should ever commit such a crime. Rather should he 
surrender his commission. No, Hamilton's course is in- 
defensible. The blood of innocent women and children 
is upon him. 



52 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

When Hamilton heard, as he did presently, of Clark 
at Kaskaskia, and that he had raised the American flag at 
Vincennes, he determined to march down the Wabash 
from Detroit, retake Vincennes and then proceed west- 
ward and capture Clark. With a motley force of Indians 
together with thirty British regulars and fifty Canadian 
volunteers from Detroit, he appeared before Fort Sack- 
ville, Vincennes, on December 17th, 1778. The French 
militia of the garrison at once fled to their homes and 
left the defence of the fort to the redoubtable Helm and 
one valiant soldier named Moses Henry. 

Helm, of course, could make no defence of the dilapi- 
dated stockade, but he had partaken in large measure of 
the spirit of Clark. He resolved to bluff. Clark was the 
greatest bluffer in the history of the northwest. He was 
always willing to make good so far as he could, but gen- 
erally he had so little force that he accomplished his ends 
by his assurance. Helm was like him. He charged the 
one serviceable cannon he possessed to the muzzle, 
ran it out at the gate of the post, placed his solitary 
soldier by it with a blazing match, and swore to Hamil- 
ton, who had demanded his surrender, that no man 
should enter the fort until he knew what terms would 
be granted him. 

Inspired by his dauntless bearing, and ignorant of the 
force with which he might have to contend, and with the 
added argument of a loaded cannon trained upon his 
troops, Hamilton agreed that the garrison should march 
out with the honors of war, if they would surrender. 
Withdrawing the match, Helm and Moses marched out 
solemnly between the disgusted British and Indians, and 
Hamilton got the fort. He retained Helm as prisoner, 
but the genial qualities of the jovial American won the 
affections of his captors, and his imprisonment was a 
light one. 

A more vigorous commander than Hamilton would 
have immediately pushed on to Kaskaskia and completed 
the conquest of the country by capturing Clark, but 
Hamilton, satisfied with his expedition so far, and de- 
terred by the wretched weather, the lateness of the season, 



George Rogers Clark 53 

the difficulties of the way, concluded to wait until the 
spring-time. 

He did detach a party of Indians and rangers to at- 
tempt to abduct the American commander, if they could 
find him, but beyond alarming the inhabitants of Kaskas- 
kia they effected nothing. Clark was soon apprised by 
his scouts of the capture of Vincennes. This was a 
serious blow to the project he had formed. How to meet 
it was a question. He was not yet informed of Hamil- 
ton's further intentions, nor was he in possession of ac- 
curate information as to the force of the garrison which 
the British held at the post. 

To him, in his uncertainty, in the latter part of Jan- 
uary, 1779, came one Francis Vigo. Vigo was a Sardin- 
ian, born at Mondovi, before the middle of the seven- 
teenth century. He had been an officer in the Spanish 
army, and in that capacity had come to America. He had 
resigned his command and entered upon the business of 
a trader, hunter, etc., with head-quarters at St. Louis, 
where he had amassed a large fortune. He was a man 
of liberal and enlightened views, and had extended a 
hearty hospitality to Clark when he arrived in that 
country. He had done more than that. He had accepted 
the depreciated Virginia currency at par, and by giving it 
his countenance, had made it pass current among the 
natives. He had cashed Clark's drafts for large sums, 
and in fact it is difficult to see how the expedition could 
have succeeded without him. 

He had gone on a trading expedition to Vincennes, 
where he had been captured and brought before Hamil- 
ton. Hamilton had no authority to hold a Spanish sub- 
ject, and he had released him on parole, requiring him to 
report daily at the fort. The inhabitants of Vincennes, 
with whom Vigo was a great favorite, protested so vig- 
orously against his detention, going to the length of re- 
fusing to supply the fort with provisions unless he were 
immediately released, that at last their efforts prevailed 
to secure his freedom. He had refused to be enlarged 
on condition of his doing nothing to prejudice British in- 
terests during the war, and Hamilton was forced to let 



54 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

him go on his promising to do nothing to hinder the 
cause of British arms on his way to St, Louis. 

Vigo strictly kept his agreement. He passed the 
mouth of the Kaskaskia without stopping, and repaired 
to his home in St. Louis, Having now kept his prom- 
ise to the letter, he took horse and made his way with all 
speed to Kaskaskia, where he arrived on the 29th of Jan- 
uary, 1779, There he acquainted Clark with the state of 
affairs in Vincennes, Hamilton had dismissed all his 
Indian allies for the winter, and held the fort with eighty 
white troops. It was his purpose, however, so Vigo in- 
formed Clark, to assemble them all in the spring-time 
and, with heavy re-enforcements from Detroit, march to 
the Illinois country. In that case there would be little 
hope of a successful resistance. 

What was to be done? It was mid-winter. Could 
the Americans march to capture Vincennes then? To 
wait for spring and the British to come was to give up 
all, Clark at once determined upon an immediate at- 
tack. He "flung his gauntlet in the face of Fate and 
assumed the offensive," He would not wait for pleasant 
weather to bring Hamilton and his horde upon him, he 
would carry the war into Indiana at once, I do not sup- 
pose he had ever heard of Scipio Africanus, but his meth- 
ods were those advocated by the famous Roman. 

Fort Sackville had been thoroughly repaired and put 
into a complete state of defence by Hamilton. It was 
provided with artillery and manned by a garrison suf- 
ficient to hold it against any force which Clark could pos- 
sibly assemble. Nevertheless the American determined 
upon its capture. The day that he received the news 
from Vigo was the real crucial moment of the expedi- 
tion, and it is not too much to say that the history of the 
northwest territory turned upon his decision. 

To anticipate the course of events a little, France 
and Spain in the negotiations for peace at the close of 
the war were only too anxious to limit the western 
boundary of the United States to the Alleghenies, a de- 
sire which England naturally shared, Spain bent all the 
resources of a diplomacy by no means insignificant to 



George Rogers Clark ^^ 

bring about this result. The one argument by which 
Franklin and his fellow-counsellors were able to insist 
that the western boundary should be the Mississippi and 
not the Alleghenies, was the fact that the country had 
been conquered by Clark, retained by him, and was now 
actually in the power of the United States. That con- 
quest would not have been complete, however, and the 
retention impossible, if Hamilton had been left in posses- 
of Vincennes. Therefore it was not only for his own 
safety, not only to hold Kaskaskia, but in order that he 
might establish a valid claim to the whole great territory 
that Clark determined upon action. 

IV. The Terrible March. 

He made his preparations with the same promptitude 
as he made his decision. A large bateaux which he 
called the Willing was hastily improvised, loaded with 
provisions and supplies, and provided with two pieces of 
artillery and four swivels. Captain Rogers, a kinsman of 
the general, was placed in command with forty men and 
ordered to make all haste via the Mississippi, the Ohio 
and the Wabash, to an appointed rendezvous near 
Vincennes. 

Clark, with the balance of his officers and men and 
two companies of French Creoles, who volunteered to 
accompany him, commanded respectively by Captains 
McCarty and Charleville, made ready to march overland. 
Clark's original force had been reduced to one hundred 
men. By pleadings and promises he had induced that 
number to remain with him after their three months' term 
of enlistment had expired. These he took with him. The 
Creole additions raised the total force to one hundred and 
seventy, with a few pack-horses to carry the scanty sup- 
plies they could procure. 

They set forth on the 4th of February, 1779, so rapid 
had been their preparations, upon one of the most mem- 
orable marches ever undertaken under the American flag. 
One hundred and forty miles as the crow flies, and some 
two hundred over the usual trail lay between him and his 
destination. The only undertaking in our history that 



George Rogers Clark 57 

can be compared to it is Arnold's march up the Kennebec 
to attack Quebec. The weather was cold, damp and 
rainy. The season had been a very wet one, and the 
prairies were turned into lakes and quagmires. They 
marched as rapidly as possible over the desolate, damp, 
wind-swept plains. Every river and creek they passed 
was in full flood and presented serious obstacles, until, on 
the 15th of February, they came to the two forks of the 
little Wabash. Ordinarily there is a distance of three 
miles between the two channels. Now the whole country 
lay under water, icy cold at that, for five miles to the 
opposite hills. There were no roads, no boats. The 
provisions they had carried were nearly exhausted. The 
game had been driven away by the floods, and they were 
without food or fire. 

Plunging into the icy water Clark led his men, carry- 
ing their rifles and powder-horns above their heads, over 
the bottoms until they reached the channel of the river. 
They had built a rude canoe and a small raft on the bank, 
and now standing up to their waists in water — in some 
places it was up to their necks — they removed the bag- 
gage from the pack-horses, ferried it across one channel, 
built a rude scaffold of driftwood and logs upon which 
they stowed it, swam the horses over the second channel, 
loaded them again, drove them through the flood until 
they reached the other fork of the river, where they 
repeated the process, and at last got on emergent though 
water-soaked ground. The passage took two days, 
during which they had no opportunity to rest. No one 
had a dry thread upon him. Orders were given to fire no 
guns except in case of dire necessity, for fear of giving 
alarm to the enemy they hoped to surprise. Provisions 
were lower than ever. 

The next day they marched along through the water, 
resting for the night upon a damp hill, and on the 17th 
they reached a river, well called the Embarrass, which 
flows into the Wabash a short distance below Vincennes. 
Here they found a more serious condition prevailing. 
Both rivers had overflowed, and as far as they could see 
was a waste of water. They sent out parties to look for 



58 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

the Willing, to find fords, to secure boats, anything. No 
success attended their efforts. 

Meanwhile they set to work to make canoes. They 
were literally starving, having had no provisions of any 
sort for two days ! That day they captured a canoe with 
some Frenchmen in it, who had been sent out of the 
fort to scout. These they detained as prisoners. The 
Frenchmen added to their discouragement by informing 
them that the whole country around Vincennes was over- 
flowed, and it would be impossible for the Americans to 
reach the fort. Clark, however, pushed on down the 
bank of the Embarrass until he reached the Wabash. 

At this juncture one of the men shot a deer, which was 
divided among the one hundred and seventy and fur- 
nished them with the first food they had had for over 
two days. It was a scanty allotment for so many 
starved, half-drowned men, but it put new heart into 
them, and they determined to press on. Indeed that 
determination was never out of Clark's mind. 

In the canoes they had made as best they could they 
crossed the Wabash on the 21st. 

At this juncture the spirit of some of the Creoles gave 
out, and they wanted to return. The desire to retreat 
was communicated even to the Kentuckians, and the 
whole enterprise trembled in the balance. Clark, how- 
ever, was equal to the occasion. The story goes that in 
one of the companies there was a big six-foot two-inch 
sergeant from Virginia. A little drummer-boy, whose 
antics and frolics had greatly amused the men, was 
mounted on the shoulders of the tall sergeant. By 
Clark's command, the drummer beat the charge, while 
the sergeant marched into the water. 

" Forward !" thundered the commander, plunging into 
the icy flood. The men laughed, hesitated, and followed 
to the last man. That night they rested on a hill, lying 
in their soaked clothes without provisions or fire. 

For two more days they struggled on through the 
waters until on the 23d they were fortunate enough to 
capture a canoe with some Indian squaws in it, in which 
they found a quarter of buffalo and some other provisions. 



George Rogers Clark 59 

Broth was soon made and given to the most exhausted 
of the little band. Some of the hardier men refused their 
portions and generously gave them to their weaker 
brethren. 

At this time they had drawn near enough to Vm- 
cennes to hear Fort Sackville's morning and evening 
guns. They were so near, in fact, that they expected to 
attack that night. 

When they began the final march in water varying in 
depth from breast to neck, Clark took another method 
for putting heart into any recalcitrants. He detached 
Captain Bowman, his best officer, with twenty men, and 
told them to bring up the rear and to shoot the first man 
who faltered. No one did so. They struggled on 
throughout the morning in the most desperate of straits. 
The water was covered with a thin coating of ice, which 
they broke as they plunged in. They had managed to 
get together a number of canoes by this time, and into 
these they put the weaker men. They suffered horribly. 
Clark himself, in spite of his resolute will and magnificent 
strength, almost gave way. Finally about one o'clock 
they reached an elevation about two miles from the town. 
It was covered with trees, and from their shelter, them- 
selves unseen, they could examine at their leisure the goal 
of their endeavors. 

The terrific march of these iron men was over. For 
the last ten days they had been struggling through water 
and ice. The had enjoyed neither fire nor rest. Three 
or four scanty meals had served them during that awful 
period. They dried themselves as best they could in the 
cold sunshine, revelling in anticipations of the meal which 
they hoped they could get if they ever succeeded in cap- 
turing the place. Clark now hesitated ; should he fall on 
the town at once, or should he first attempt to secure the 
neutrality of the people, which he believed he could do 
without difficulty? He wisely decided for the latter plan. 
By one of his French prisoners he dispatched the follow- 
ing crafty letter : 

"To the Inhabitants of Post St. Vincents: 

"Gentlemen: — Being now within two miles of your 
4 



6o The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

village with my army, determined to take your fort this 
night and not being willing to surprise you, I take this 
method to request such of you as are true citizens, and 
willing, to enjoy the liberty I bring you, to remain still in 
your houses. And those, if any there be, that are friends 
to the king, will instantly repair to the fort and join the 
Hair-Buyer General'"^ and fight like men. And if any 
such, as do not go to the fort shall be discovered after- 
wards, they may depend on severe punishment. On 
the contrary, those that are true friends to liberty, may 
depend on being well treated. And I once more request 
them to keep out of the streets ; for every one I find in 
arms on my arrival, I shall treat as an enemy. 

" G. R. Clark." 

Hamilton and his officers had carried things with a 
high hand, and the inhabitants were rejoiced at the 
approach of the Americans. Nobody appears to have 
betrayed them to the British commander, who was yet in 
total ignorance of their proximity. He had sent out 
Captain La Mothe to scout, and the party, surrounded by 
the floods had not come back. Clark waited until nio-fit- 
fall, divided his army into three companies, in order to 
surround the post, and then marched forward to the 
attack. 

V. The Capture of Vincennes. 

Fort Sackville was an irregular enclosure, the sides 
varying in length from sixty to two hundred feet, and 
enclosing some three acres of ground. The stockade 
was stoutly built of logs about eleven feet high. The 
garrison was ample, and there were several pieces of 
artillery and swivels mounted on the walls. It was strong 
enough to have bidden defiance to one hundred and 
seventy starved and half-drowned troops without artillery 
of any kind, but it did not. 

It is to Clark's credit that he refused to allow the 
Piankeshaw Indians, who were there in large numbers, 

♦Alluding to the fact that Governor Hamilton had offered rewards for the 
scalps of Americans. 





George Rogers Clark 

Statue, 

Monument Place, 

Indianapolis 



Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, 
Indianapolis 



6i 



■f^K-7.;-;r~,-^- 



George Rogers Clark 63 

and who voluntered their services, to take part in the 
attack. Marching silently through the town Clark sur- 
rounded the fort, which stood on the bank of the river, 
the men taking cover behind houses and trees. He 
quickly threw up a slight breastwork in front of the gate 
of the stockade, and announced his presence by opening 
a smart rifle fire. 

It is related that Captain Helm and Colonel Hamilton 
sat in the latter's head-quarters playing cards while a bowl 
of apple toddy was brewing before the fire. Having 
learned from the French inhabitants which were Hamil- 
ton's head-quarters, some of the Kentuckians, in sport, 
opened fire upon the chimney, surmising that that bowl 
of apple toddy would be brewing beneath it. As the rifles 
cracked, some of the plaster fell into the apple toddy as 
they had intended. 

"That's Clark," said Helm, "but d — n him, he 
need n't have spoiled my toddy." 

The garrison were even yet so unsuspecting that they 
imagined that the firing was caused by some drunken 
Indians, and it was not until a sergeant was struck in the 
breast by a bullet and seriously wounded that they awak- 
ened to the situation. There was a beating- of drums and 
a hurrying to arms, and through the night a smart fire 
was kept up between the contending parties, the British 
blazing away fruitlessly in every direction, the Americans, 
who were scantily provided with powder, husbanding 
their fi^^e and endeavoring to make every shot tell. 
Nothing had yet been seen of the Willing, and the 
supply of the powder on the American side was perilously 
low. Fortunately they procured enough from one of the 
friendly inhabitants to keep up the engagement. From 
the same friendly source they also got a good breakfast, 
which was as useful almost as the powder. 

Learning from the inhabitants that Captain La 
Mothe's party was still at large, and being desirous of 
capturing the British force intact, Clark withdrew some of 
his men during the night, and left the way open for La 
Mothe to enter the fort, which he did, the Americans by 
their commander's orders withholding their fire. Clark 



64 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

was sure that he had them all then. When the morning- 
came the surprised Hamilton found himself completely 
surrounded by the besiegers, of whose numbers he was 
entirely ignorant, although the fact that they were there 
at all was evidence of their quality. The firing was kept 
up with such effect by the rifles of the Kentuckians that it 
became impossible for the British to serve the guns. As 
soon as a porthole was opened a stream of bullets was 
poured into it. The condition of the British was serious, 
so they thought at any rate. 

Early in the morning Clark sent the following per- 
emptory letter to Hamilton : 

"Sir, — In order to save yourself from the impending 
storm that now threatens you, I order you immediately to 
surrender yourself, with all your garrison, stores, etc., etc., 
etc. For if I am obliged to storm, you may depend on 
such treatment as is justly due to a murderer. Beware 
of destroying stores of any kind, or any papers, or letters, 
that are in your possession ; for, by Heavens, if you do, 
there shall be no mercy shown you. 

" G. R. Clark." 

To this he received the following reply : 

*' Governor Hamilton begs leave to acquaint Colonel 
Clark that he and his garrison are not disposed to be 
awed into an action unworthy of British subjects." 

Nevertheless by this time the British were badly 
scared, and after another interchange of shots Hamilton 
asked first for a truce of three days and then for a parley. 
Finally a meeting was appointed. Hamilton, attended by 
Major Hay, his second, and Captain Helm, his prisoner, 
met Clark. The American general was furious. He 
refused to listen to any proposed arrangements. It was 
surrender at discretion, or nothing at all. It was many 
long years after that day that a certain little man from 
IlHnois made the world ring with the phrase "Uncondi- 
tional Surrender," yet that was the purport and nearly 
the wording of Clark's terms. 

He vowed he would put to death any Indian partisans 



George Rogers Clark 65 

in Hamilton's command, and when asked whom he meant, 
replied that Major Hay had been one of those who had 
led war-parties against the settlements. When Helm 
attempted to interfere and say a word in favor of the 
British, Clark sternly silenced him, telHng him as a 
prisoner he had no right to discuss the matter. Hamilton 
promptly offered to release Helm, and Clark with equal 
promptness refused to accept him then. Hamilton 
begged hard for other conditions, but the inflexible 
American, reg-ardino- him also as a murderer as well as a 
coward, would g-fant no terms. Therefore Hamilton 
returned to the fort, having been given an hour to make 
up his mind. 

A party of Indians friendly to the English, who had 
been on a scalp hunt, came back during the morning with 
the ghastly trophies of their prowess hanging at their 
belts ; one scalp was that of a woman. Ignorant of the 
presence of the Americans, they ran right into their arms, 
and two were killed, two were wounded, and six captured. 
While the conference between Clark and Hamilton was 
going on, the six captured Indians were taken out before 
the fort, where the garrison could see them, summarily 
tomahawked, and their bodies cast into the river. Clark 
was not actually present when the savage and bloody 
reparation was taken, but it was by his orders, and he was 
responsible. Hamilton was unable to resist the clamor of 
the garrison after this sight and, upon Clark's final agree- 
ment to treat them as prisoners of war, he surrendered 
the fort at discretion. 

The next mornino- the British marched out and 
delivered their arms to the Americans, who marched in 
and hoisted the Stars and Stripes for the second time in 
Indiana. The Americans fired a salute of thirteen guns 
from the British cannon. During the progress of the 
salute twenty cartridges for the six-pound guns blew up 
and wounded some of the Kentuckians. Among them 
was the brave Captain Bowman, who died several months 
after, it is believed, from injuries received in this disaster. 

Save one wounded soldier these were the only 
casualities on the American side in the expedition. The 



66 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

loss in killed and wounded on the part of the British was 
also small. The Willing came up soon after, and Cap- 
tain Bowman was sent forward with a party of soldiers to 
intercept a convoy of provisions and supplies from 
Detroit, which he did in a handsome manner, capturing 
everybody in the escort. 

The campaign was ended. The English plans to 
repossess Indiana and Illinois failed in every direction ; 
indeed, save for one abortive attempt, nothing further was 
done to dislodge the Americans. On the other hand, 
Clark could never assemble sufficient force to enable him 
to take Detriot, which was the sole position held by the 
British at the end of the war ; with that exception the 
country remained in his possession. 

VI. Forgotten ! 

Clark performed other services during the war ; finding 
himself on one occasion in Virginia when Arnold invaded 
it, he joined Von Steuben as a volunteer and fought 
gallantly under him. Virginia promoted him to be a 
brigadier-general, and presented him with a sword, which, 
by the way, owing to the straitened finances caused by 
the war, was a second-hand one, although the best that 
could be procured at the time. Clark continued in the 
service of the State, headed several expeditions against 
the Indians, got himself mixed up with the Spanish 
authorities and had his actions disavowed by the United 
States, and was finally dismissed the Virginia service, on 
the plea of poverty, which was true enough. 

He had never enjoyed a commission in the Continental 
service, and the dismissal left him without employment. 
The remainder of his long life is a sad story of disap- 
pointment and neglect. He was still a young man, and 
his years might have been filled with valuable service to 
his country. His marvelous campaign had evidenced his 
qualities, but he became so embittered by the ungrateful 
treatment he had received that he fell into bad habits. 
He drank to excess. He had no wife or children, and 
lived alone for many years, hunting, fishing, and indulging 
his appetite with such of his old friends or comrades as 



George Rogers Clark 67 

chanced to visit his cabin, which was erected on a six- 
thousand-acre grant of land Virginia made to him when 
she ceded the northwest territory to the United States. 
He was land-poor and lonely. 

Four years before he died he was stricken with 
paralysis. He was alone in his cabin at the time and fell 
into the fire, which so severely burned one leg that it had 
to be amputated. It is related that he desired a fife and 
a drum to be played outside the house while the operation 
was being performed. It was before the days of anaes- 
thetics, and the orrim old soldier sat in his chair and had 
his leg taken off without an expression of emotion, while 
martial music was being dinned in his ears. He found a 
home in his last helpless years in the house of his sister, 
Mrs. Croghan, opposite Louisville, and there quietly slept 
away his life on February 13, 1818. He did much and 
suffered much — we may forgive him the rest. 

There is a story that when his means were at last ex- 
hausted, and he could not obtain any settlement of his just 
claim against the State, he thrust the sword which Virginia 
had presented to him in the ground, broke it off at the 
hilt, and threw the pieces away with the bitter remark, 
" When Virginia wanted a sword, I gave her mine. Now 
she sends me a toy. I want bread !" In his paralysis, the 
State, leaving his claims still unsettled, seems to have sent 
him another sword ! 

Years after his death the tardy government of the 
United States settled his claim against it for the expenses 
incurred in his heroic campaigning, in which he had 
exhausted all his private fortune. It was not until 1877 
that the claim of the heirs of Francis Vigo for a portion 
of the money which he had given to assist the northwest 
territory was allowed ! As Vigo left no wife or children 
the money was paid to collateral heirs. Even poor old 
Father Gibault, who had done such good service in 
securing Vincennes and had given his own little property 
to Clark, in the endeavor to circulate the depreciated paper 
of the government, died in abject poverty, unrequited. 

I do not know a more heroic achievement in our 
history than Clark's capture of Vincennes. I do not 



68 



The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 



know in our history of greater results from slenderer 
means than Clark's subjugation of the northwest. I do 
not know in our history a sadder picture than the broken, 
paralyzed old man alone in his cabin ; and lastly, I do not 
recall in any history a more moving example of national 
ingratitude than that experienced by the priest, the 
Spaniard, and the soldier. 





A Bibliography of George 
Rogers Clark 

All books, articles, and documents which are marked with a star (*) are in the 
Indianapolis Public Library. Many of these and also some others relating to the sub- 
ject are in the Indiana State Library at the State-house. 

OL. GEORGE ROGERS CLARK'S 
Sketch of His Campaign in the Illinois 
in 1778-9, with an introduction by Hon. 
Henry Pirtle, of Louisville, and an ap- 
pendix containing the public and pri- 
vate instructions to Col. Clark, and 
Major Bowman's Journal of the taking 
of Post St. Vincents. Cincinnati, 1869. 
Portrait.* 

Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, 
1 778- 1 783, and Life of Gen. George Rogers Clark. William 
H. English. Lidianapolis, 1896. 2 vols.* 

List of officers of the Illinois regiment and of Crockett's 
regiment who received land for their services. List of officers 
of the Illinois regiment who have not received lands for Revo- 
lutionary services. List of non-commissioned officers and 
soldiers of the Illinois regiment, and the Western army, under 
the command of General George Rogers Clark, who are en- 
titled to bounty in land. List of Captain Francis Charloville's 
volunteers entitled to two hundred acres of land each. Rich- 
mond, 1833. 24 pp. 

Virginia documents, No. 32. 




Conquest of Illinois, 

Peck's Annals of the West. 

69 



1850. Pp. 188-216. 



'•< 



JO The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

George Rogers Clark. By Judge James Hall. Portrait. 
12 p. 
National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans. 
Philadelphia, 1839. ^o\. 4. 

George Rogers Clark's Expedition, with memoir.* 

Dillon's History of Indiana, 1843. Vol. i. Pp. 127- 
203, and in second edition, 1859, pp. 1 14-170. 

George Rogers Clarke, with portrait. 

Lossing's Eminent Americans. New York, 1857. 
Pp. 138-140. 

Discovery and Ownership of the Northwest Territory and 
Settlement of the Western Reserve. An address delivered 
Sept. 16, 1873, by James A. Garfield. Cleveland, 1874. Re- 
printed 1881. 32 pp. 

Western Reserve Historical Society Tracts, vol. i, no. 20. 

The Northwest in the Revolution. 

Hinsdale's Old Northwest. 1888. Pp. 147-191.* 

The Hannibal of the West. 

Dunn's Indiana. 1888. Pp. 131-176.* 

Life of George Rogers Clark, by Lyman C. Draper.* 
Appleton's Cyclopzedia of American Biography. Vol. 
I. Pp. 626-627. 

The West, from the treaty of peace with France, 1763, to 
the treaty of peace with England, 1783. By William F. 
Poole. 

Narrative and Critical History of America. Vol. 6. Pp. 
685-743.* 

The Capture of Vincennes, 1779, by George Rogers 
Clark. From Clark's Memoirs. 16 pp. 

Old South leaflets. Boston, 1893, vol. 2. No. 43.* 

George Rogers Clark and the Conquest of the Northwest. 
Theodore Roosevelt. 

In Hero Tales from American History by Henry C. 

Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt. N. Y., 1895. Pp. 

29-41.* 

Selections from the Draper collection, in possession of 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 71 

the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, to elucidate the 
proposed French expedition under George Rogers Clark 
against Louisiana in the years 1793-94. 

American Historical Association, Report, 1896. Vol. i, 
pp. 930-1107. 

George Rogers Clark and his Illinois Campaign. Dan B. 
Starkey. 38 pp. 

Parkman Club Publications, No. 12. Milwaukee, 1897. 

Historic Families of Kentucky. T. M. Green. Cincin- 
nati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1889. Clarke as commissioner to 
negotiate treaties with Indian tribes, and an utterance attrib- 
uted to him. P. 256.* 

Our Country in War. M. Halstead. 1898.* 

George Rogers Clark's Capture of Kaskaskia and Vin- 

cennes. C. McMurry. 1895.* 
Personal Recollections of Stonewall Jackson. Also 
Sketches and Stories. J. G. Gittings. 1899. An his- 
torical sketch of G. R. Clark, pp. 140-152.* 
'" George Rogers Clark. H. Bruce. In the Scotch-Irish 
in America. 1895. ^^o\. 7, pp. 210-235.* 
The Story of George Rogers Clark. In Four American 
Pioneers, pp. 73-193. Katharine Beebe.* 

The Story of the Revolution. H. C. Lodge. Vol, 2, 
ch. I. Vincennes, H. M. Smith.* 

The Winning of the West. Roosevelt. 1896. 
Vincennes the Key to the Northwest. W. H. Smith. In 

Historic Towns of the Western States, ed. by Lyman 

Powell.* 

The Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest. Rufus 
Blanchard. Chicago: Gushing, Thomas & Company, 1880. 
Col. George Rogers Clark, pp. 166-174. 

Our Western Border, its life, forays, scouts, combats, 
massacres, red chiefs, adventures, captivities, pioneer women, 
one hundred years ago. Charles McKnight. Philadelphia, 

1875- 

General George Rogers Clark, pp. 476-499. 

A History of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Mann 
Butler. 2d ed. Cincinnati, 1836. 
George Rogers Clark, pp. 35-88. 



72 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Magazine Articles. 

Indiana's First Settlement: Clark's Important Conquest 
of Post Vincennes. E. A. Bryan. 

In Magazine of American History, vol. 21, 1889, pp. 
386-402. New York.* 

Clark's Conquest of the Northwest. E. O. Randall. 

In Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, vol. 
12, Jan., 1903, pp. 67-94. 

Illinois — its Conquest during the American Revolution, 
by the Arms of Virginia, under Col. George Rogers Clark. 
By B. B. Minor. 

De Bow's Review, vol. 4, 1847. Pp. 366-373; 450-459. 

Life and Times of Gen. George Rogers Clark. By Mann 
Butler. 

Western Journal and Civilian, vol. 3, 1849-50. Pp. 168- 
180; 216-225. 

Biography of the Revolution. A sketch of the life of 
General George Rogers Clark, the founder of Kentucky, and 
the hero of the Revolution in the West. By John Reynolds. 

Historical Magazine, vol. i, 1857. Pp. 168-170.* 

Belleville, 111., Tribune, Jan.-Feb., 1856. 

George Rogers Clark. By Robert E. Coleman. 
Harper's Magazine, vol. 22, 1860-61, pp. 784-793; vol. 23, 
1861, pp. 52-62. 

Gen. George Rogers Clark and Gen. William Clark. By 
Isaac Smucker. 

American Historical Record, vol. 2, 1873. Pp. 60-64.* 

The Truth Concerning the Expedition of George Rogers 
Clark. By William Wirt Henry. 

Potter's American Monthly, vol. 5, 1875. Pp. 908-911.* 

Truth Concerning the Expedition of George Rogers 
Clark. By Samuel Evans. 

Potter's American Monthly, vol. 6, 1876. Pp. 191-194.* 

The Expeditions of George Rogers Clark. Reply of Wm. 
Wirt Henry to Samuel Evans. 

Potter's American Monthly, vol. 6. 1876. Pp. 308-310.* 

The Expeditions of George Rogers Clark. Reply of 
Samuel Evans to William Wirt Henry. 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 73 

Potter's American Monthly, vol. 6, 1876. Pp. 451-452.* 

The Expeditions of George Rogers Clark. Reply of 
William Wirt Henry to Samuel Evans. 

Potter's American Monthly, vol. 7, 1876. Pp. 140-141.* 

The Expeditions of George Rogers Clark. Reply of 
Samuel Evans to William Wirt Henry. 

Potter's American Monthly, vol. 7, 1876. Pp. 387-388.* 

The Expeditions of George Rogers Clark. Reply of 
William Wirt Henry to Samuel Evans. 

Potter's American Monthly, vol. 8, 1877. Pp. 67-68.* 

George Rogers Clark. By C. C, Graham. 

Louisville Monthly Magazine, vol. i, 1879. Pp. 71- 
78. 

The Conquest of Illinois. By J. D, O'Connor, 
The Northwest Review. Chicago. Vol. i, 1883. Pp. 
111-113. 

Francis Vigo and Gen. George Rogers Clark. By C. C. 
Baldwin. 

Magazine of Western History, vol. i, 1884-85, pp. 230- 
235-* 

The Relations of Lieutenant-Governor De Leyba and 
George Rogers Clark and the American Authorities, and the 
Alleged Offer of Military Aid by Clark Previous to the At- 
tack on St. Louis in 1780. By Oscar W. Collet. 

Magazine of Western History, vol. i, 1884-85, pp. 271- 
277.* 

The Expedition and Conquests of General George Rogers 
Clark, in 1778-79. By Mary Cone. Portrait. 

Magazine of Western History, vol. 2, 1885. Pp. 133- 

I55-* 

The Expedition of General George Rogers Clark. By 
John Moses. 

Magazine of Western History, vol. 3, 1886. Pp. 267- 
270.* 

General Clark's Expedition Again. By Mary Cone. 
Magazine of Western History, vol. 3, 1886. Pp. 735- 
736.* 



74 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Virginia's Conquest — the Northwestern Territory. By 
J. C. Wells. 

Magazine of American History, vol. i6, 1886. Pp. 452- 

457-* 

Oliver Pollock — His Connection With the Conquest of 
Illinois, 1778. By Horace Edwin Hayden. 

Magazine of American History, vol. 22, 1889. Pp. 414- 
420.* 

The Illinois Regiment and the Northwestern Territory. 
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. i, 
1893. Pp- 127-141. 

Intercepted Letters and Journal of George Rogers Clark, 
1778, 1779. 

American Historical Review, vol. i, 1895-96. Pp. 90-96.* 

Review of English's Conquest of the Country Northwest 
of the River Ohio, 1778- 1783, and Life of George Rogers 
Clark. By Frederick J. Turner. 

American Historical Review, vol. 2, 1896-97, pp. 363- 
366.* 

Review of same. 

The Nation, vol. 62, 1896. Pp. 102-104.* 

The Story of the Revolution. How the West was Saved. 
By Henry Cabot Lodge. Illust. Portrait. 

Harper's Magazine, vol. 24, 1898. Pp. 60-73.* 

George Rogers Clark and the Great Northwest. By 
Cyrus Townsend Brady. Illust. 

McClure's Magazine, vol. 19, 1902. Pp. 274-281.* 

Items of Early Times, Kentucky History. By I. S. 
Newark, Ohio. 

American Historical Record, Oct. 1874, pp. 453-455.* 

Impressments in 1786 — The seizure of a cow. By R. T. 
Durrett. 

Southern Bivouac, Louisville, v. 2, Feb. 1884, pp. 257- 
264. 

A Heroine of the Revolution: Nancy Ann Hunter. By 
Rev. Wm. Salter. [Fort Jefferson, 1780-81.] 
Iowa Historical Records, pp. 258-264. 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 75 

March of the Spaniards across IlHnois, 1780. By Edward 
G. Mason. 

Magazine of American History, May, 1886, pp. 457-469.* 

Clark's Conquest of the Northwest and Attack on St. 
Louis, May, 1780. By W. F. Poole. 
The Dial, v. 8, no. 94, pp. 238-240.* 

Conquest of Illinois. 

Northwest Review, v. i, no. 2, pp. 111-113. 

Record Book of Colonel John Todd, 1779, First Governor 
of the Illinois Country. By Edward G. Mason. 

Magazine of American History, v. 8, pp. 586-597. 1882.* 

Romance of Western History, by the author of "Border 
Tales." 

The War Belt, Nov. 1840, pp. 401-407. 

Loughrey's Defeat and Pigeon Roost Massacre, with in- 
troductory sketch. Indianapolis, 1888. 26 pp. 
Indiana Historical Society. Pam. no. 4.* 

The Northwest Territory, its Ordinance and its Settle- 
ment, by Israel Ward Andrews. 

Magazine of American History, v. 16, no. 2, pp. 33-147. 
1886.* 

Capture of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Expedition of Col. 
Clark. 

British Annual Register, 1779, pp. 14-16. 

Same. In Scott's Magazine, Feb. 1781. 

Newspaper Articles. 

George Rogers Clark. Sketch of the soldier pioneer in 
a prize-winning essay. By Margaret T. Rogers. 
Louisville Courier-Journal, July 14, 1889. 

George Rogers Clark. By Temple Bodley. 
Louisville Courier- Journal, Nov. 20, 1884. 

Monument to George Rogers Clark. Speeches in the 
U. S. Senate. 

Congressional Record, July 17, 1888.* 



76 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Conquest of Illinois. An address delivered in Belleville, 
III, on the Fourth of July, 1840. By John M. Peck. 
The Belleville Advocate, Aug. 22, 1840. 

Capture of Kaskaskia and Vincennes. By J. M. Jackson. 
Chicago Times, July 5, 1878.* 

Kaskaskia Centennial, July 4, 1878. 
St. Louis Republican, July 8, 1878. 

Vincennes. The approaching centennial celebration of 
its capture from the British. By O. F. Baker. 
Vincennes Western Sun, Dec. 17, 1878. 

Sketch of Kaskaskia. Clark's capture, 1778. By David 
J. Doherty, Feb. 15, 1877. 

St. Louis Republican, Feb. 19, 1877. 

Ye Olden Time. The eventful history of Gen. Geo. Rog- 
ers Clark, and of Clark Co., Ind. 

Louisville Courier-Journal, Dec. 11, 1879. 

Gen. George Rogers Clark. By Col. R. T. Durrett. 
Louisville Courier-Journal, Aug. 6, 1888. 

1 780- 1 880. Clark County's Centennial. Celebration of 
Clark's Defeat of the Shawnees, Aug. 8, 1780. 
Springfield (O.) Republic, Aug. 12, 1880. 

Illinois Centennial Hero. Sketch of General George 
Rogers Clark, the captor of Kaskaskia. 
Alton Telegraph, [1878?] 

Illinois Centennial, July 4, 1878. 

Alton Weekly Telegraph, Mar. 7, 1878. 

Early History of Vincennes. By Ezra Mattingly. 

Normal Quarterly, Mitchell, Indiana, June and Nov. 
1888."^ 

An Illinois Centennial, hundredth anniversary of the cap- 
ture of Kaskaskia. 

Republican, St. Louis, July 8, 1878. 

Fort Gage Centennial, preparations for the celebration. 
Chester (111.) Tribune, June 12, and July 10, 1878. 

Orlando Brown's estimate of General George Rogers 
Clark. 

Commonwealth, Frankfort, Ky., Sept. 2, 1834. 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 'jj 

General George Rogers Clark, por. 
Daily Graphic, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1884. 

George Rogers Clark, by Margaret T. Rogers. 
Louisville Courier-Jonrnal, July 14, 1889. 

Life of George Rogers Clark. By Lyman C. Draper. 
Pittsburgh Daily American, Jan. 26, 1846. 

History of a Century. Historical address by Rev. Thos. 
W. Hynes. July 4, 1876. n. p. 

A Bit of History [Coral Hill, Ky.] 
Glasgow News, Feb. 18, 1887. 

The Siege of the Old Indian Town of Piqua. By Thos. F. 
McGrew. 

Springfield Republic, June 17, 1880. 

General George Rogers Clark. Illinois centennial hero, 
n. p. n, d. 

General George Rogers Clark. By Lyman C. Draper. 
Louisville Courier-Journal, Aug. 6, 1888. 

Ancient Louisville. A sketch by Col. R. T. Durrett. 
1778-1830. 

Louisville Courier- Journal, Aug. 2, 1883. 

Lusty Louisville. Centennial address by Col. R. T. Dur- 
rett, May I, 1880. 

Louisville Courier-Journal, May 2, 1880. 

How the West was Saved. By W. F. Poole. 
Louisville Courier-Journal, Feb. 12, 1888. 

General George Rogers Clark's March Across Illinois 
Flats in 1779. By Temple Bodley. 

Daily Inter-Ocean, Chicago, n. d. [1878?] 

Coolness of Colonel George Rogers Clark at North Bend, 
Ohio.* 

In "The Wilderness and War Path," by James Hall. 
N. Y. 1846. 

Kaskaskia, the Ancient. Read before Missouri historical 
society, by Rev. David J. Doherty, Feb. 15, 1877. 
St. Louis Republican, Feb. 19, 1877. 
5 



yS The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Early History of Indiana. Speech of Hon. John Law, 
Sept. 4, 1869. 

Indiana State Sentinel, Sept. 22, 1869. 

Vincennes' Centennial. 

Chicago Tribune, Feb. 28, 1879. 

Virginia Documents and Statutes. 

Act concerning officers, soldiers, sailors, and marines, 
May, 1779. 

Hening's statutes, v. 10, pp. 23-7. 

Note: Land bounty granted to volunteers under 
George Rogers Clark, p. 26. 

Act for more effectually securing to the ofificers and sol- 
diers of the Virginia line, the lands reserved to them, for dis- 
couraging present settlements on the northwest side of the 
Ohio River, and for punishing persons attempting to prevent 
the execution of land ofBcers warrants. Oct. 1779. 

Hening's statutes, v. 10, pp. 159-162. 

Act to revive and amend an act entitled. An act for giving 
further powers to the governor and council. 
Hening's statutes, v. 10, pp. 387-389. 

Note: Regiment of Col. G. R. Clark to be completed 
for defense of western frontier. 

Resolutions in house of delegates [Va.] for a cession of 
the lands on the northwest side of the Ohio River, to the 
United States, Jan. 2, 1781. 

Hening's statutes, v. 10, pp. 564-7. 

Note: Reservation of land for Colonel George Rogers 
Clark, his of^cers and soldiers, p. 365. 

Act to amend an act, entitled An act to vest certain es- 
cheated lands in the county of Kentucky in trustees for a 
public school, May, 1783. [George Rogers Clark one of the 
trustees of Transylvania seminary.] 

Hening's statutes, v. 11, p. 282. 

Act for surveying the lands given by law to the officers 
and soldiers on continental and state establishments, and for 
other purposes. 

Hening's statutes, v. 11, p. 309. 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 79 

Act to authorize the delegates of this state in congress, to 
convey to the United States, in Congress assembled, all the 
rights of this commonwealth [Virginia] to the territory 
northwest of the Ohio. Oct. 1783. 

Hening's statutes, v. 11, pp. 235-7. 

Note: Reservation in favor of French and Canadian 
inhabitants, settlers at Kaskaskia, St. Vincents and 
General George Rogers Clark, his officers and men. 

An act for surveying and apportioning the lands granted 
to the Illinois regiment, and establishing a town [Clarks- 
ville] within the said grant, Oct. 1783. 
Hening's statutes, v. 11, pp. 335-337- 

Commissioners appointed to adjust claims. George 
Rogers Clark appointed among board of commis- 
sioners. 

Digest of laws on the subject of land bounties. 1776- 
1784. 

Hening's statutes, v. 11, pp. 559-564. 

Cession of North Western territory by Virginia to the 
United States. 

Hening's statutes, v. 11, pp. 565-575. 

Reservation of lands for George Rogers Clark and his 
regiment, pp. 568-573. 

Act for appointing commissioners to liquidate and settle 
the expenses incurred in two expeditions carried on from 
the Kentucky district against the neighboring Indians [111. 
expedition] Oct. 16, 1786. 

Hening's statutes, v. 12, pp. 231-234. 

Act granting a sum of money to William Shannon [late 
quartermaster general to the Illinois regiment] and others, 
Dec. 28th, 1790. 

Hening's statutes, v. 13, p. 211. 

Certificates to be issued to the payees of certain bills 
drawn by William Shannon, on General George 
Rogers Clark, and on the treasurer of this com- 
monwealth. 

Journal of the House of Delegates to the Commonwealth 
of Virginia, 1 777-1 786. [Continual mention of George Rog- 
ers Clark and his Illinois campaign.] 



8o The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

List of claims for bounty land for Revolutionary services 
acted upon by the Governor the ist day of April, 1834. 21 pp. 
Va. Journal and Documents, House of Delegates, 1834-5. 
Doc. 35. 

Petition of George Rogers Clark, presented to the House 
of delegates praying for the confirmation of the grant of land 
from the Indians, May 27, 1780, and June 30, 1780. 

Va. Journal of House of Delegates, 1780. 



National House Documents and Reports. 

Memorial on certain claims of the state of Virginia against 
the United States. [On account of the Illinois expedition of 
1778.] 1831. 62 pp. 

House documents, no. 20, 22d cong. ist sess, 1831. 



Expenses of Virginia in the Illinois expedition in 1778, 
'79. Pierre Menard, Antoine Peltier, and Joseph Placy. Re- 
port of the committee on Revolutionary Claims. 1840. 

34 PP- 

House Reports, no. 519, 26th cong. ist sess. 1840. 

Report of committee on Revolutionary Claims on Me- 
morial of Col. Francis Vigo, [On account of Illinois expe- 
dition of 1778.] 1846. 33 pp. 

House Reports, no. 313. 29th cong. ist sess. 1846. 

Report of the committee on claims, to whom was referred 
the memorial of Colonel Francis Vigo, praying compensation 
for money advanced by him to General George Rogers Clark, 
during the "Illinois campaign" in 1778. 1848. 62 pp. 

House Reports, no. 216. 30th cong. ist sess. 1848. 



CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS. 

Report of the Committee on public lands, adverse to the 
petition of George Rogers Clark, applying for the confirma- 
tion of an Indian grant, Dec. 23, 1805. i p. 9th Cong, ist 
sess. House doc. no. iii, 

Amer. state papers. Public Lands, v. i, p. 229. 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 8 1 

Report adverse to the petition of George Rogers Clark, 
that a grant made to him by the Piankeshavv nation of Indians 
be confirmed. 9th cong. ist sess. House doc. 

Amer. state papers, Pubhc Lands, v. i, p. 247. 

Report of the Committee on the Library, favorable to 
S. 2967, which provides for the erection of a monument to 
the memory of Gen. George Rogers Clark, to be placed in 
Louisville, Kentucky, July 24, 1888. 

50th cong. 1st sess. House reports 3026, in v. 8; (s. n. 
2605)* 

CLAIMS OF SOLDIERS WHO FOUGHT IN THE ILLINOIS CAMPAIGN. 

BOWMAN, ISAAC, 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, on the 
claim of Isaac S. Bowman for half-pay due him as legal rep- 
resentative of Isaac Bowman, a lieutenant in the Illinois regi- 
ment in the Revolutionary war, recommending reference to 
the Secretary of the Interior for liquidation, under act of 
1832, Feb. 16, 1854; 2 pp. 

33d cong. 1st sess. House reports 106, in v. i. (s. n. 
742) 

Report of the Committee on pensions, favoring the grant- 
ing of the petition of Isaac Bowman, son and executor of 
Isaac Bowman [which prays for the payment of the half-pay 
due Isaac Bowman, on account of services rendered in the 
Illinois campaign of 1778] Feb. 13, 1854. 2 pp. 

33d cong. 1st sess. Senate committee report lOi in v. i; 
(s. n. 706) 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, to 
whom was recommitted the petition and papers of Isaac 
Bowman, executor of Isaac Bowman, deceased (a lieutenant 
of the Illinois regiment, under the command of Col. George 
Rogers Clark, in the war of the Revolution) favoring the 
payment of the claims, June 30, 1854. 2 pp. 

33d cong. 1st sess. House rpt. 275. (s. n. 744) 

Petition of Isaac S. Bowman, in the United States Court 
of Claims, to the judges of the Court of Claims, established by 
the act of the congress of the United States of America, ap- 
proved February 24th, 1855. 4 pp. 

Clark MSS. v. 3, Revolutionary claims. K. 



82 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Report of the Court of Claims, submitting the documents 
in the case of Isaac Bowman and another [G. Brinker] ex- 
ecutors of Isaac Bowman, deceased, and adverse to the pay- 
ment of the claim for half-pay due said Isaac Bowman as 
lieutenant and quartermaster in the Illinois campaign of 
1778. Dec. 7, 1858. 62 pp. (s. n. 1021) 

35th cong. 2d sess. Court of claims reports 183. 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, ad- 
verse to the claims of Isaac Bowman and others, executors of 
Isaac Bowman, deceased, for half-pay as lieutenant and quar- 
termaster of the Virginia state line in the war of Revolution, 
Jan. 22, 1862. I p. 

37th cong. 2d sess. House com. reports 15, in v. 3. 
(s. n. II44-) 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, ad- 
verse to the petition of the heirs of Richard Chenoweth, ask- 
ing compensation for building a fort at Louisville, on the 
Ohio river, in the year 1780 or 1781, under the orders of Col. 
Slaughter or Gen. George Rogers Clark, Feb. 12, 1841. i p. 

26th cong. 2d sess. House report 183. (s. n. 388) 

LOUGHREY, ARCHIBALD, CLAIMS OF. 

Report of the Committee on public lands, favorable to 
granting the claims of Jane Thompson and Elizabeth McBrier 
of Westmoreland Co., Pennsylvania, the heirs of Archibald 
Loughrey, for bounty land on account of services and death 
of their father during expedition against Mohawk and Seneca 
Indians in 1781, Jan. 20, 1847. 6 pp. 

29th cong. 2d sess. House report 30, in v. i. (s. n. 501) 

Report of the Committee on public lands, adverse to the 
granting the claims of the heirs of Archibald Loughrey for 
donation of land on account of services against the Indians 
in 1 78 1 [expedition was voluntary and without commission] 
May 16, 1848. 5 pp. 

30th cong. 1st sess. House report 605, in v. 3. (s. n. 
526) 

Report of the Committee on private land claims, favor- 
able to the claims of Jane Thompson and Elizabeth McBrier, 
of Westmoreland Co., Pa., for bounty-land which their father, 
Col. Archibald Loughrey, would have received had he sue- 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 83 

ceeded in reaching Gen. George Rogers Clark, for whom he 
had started with several companies of volunteers to join in 
an expedition against the Indians, by whom he was killed 
before arriving at his destination, Apr. 17, 1858. 7 pp. 
35th cong. I St sess. House reports 289, in v. 2. (s. n. 

965) 



MENARD, PIERRE. 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, ad- 
verse to Sen. 39, for relief of Pierre Menard, Antoine Peltier 
and Joseph Placy. The claims are founded on allowances 
made by commissioner of claims of Virginia, for advances 
made to Col. George Rogers Clark and his troops to aid in 
the conquest and defense of the Illinois country in 1779- 1780. 
Apr. 25, 1840. 34 pp. 

26th cong. 1st sess. House report 519, in v. 3. (s. n. 
372) 

Memorial of John H. Smith, formerly commissioner of 
Virginia claims, submitting his reply to Heland Hall (no. 
519) from commissioner on Revolutionary claims, as to bill 
for relief of Pierre Menard, Antoine Peltier and Joseph Placy. 
Dec. 15, 1841. 18 pp. 

27th cong. 2d sess. House doc. 14, in v. i. (s. n. 401) 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, on the 
memorial of John H. Smith, late commissioner of Revolu- 
tionary claims, in Virginia to report of this committee no. 
519, 1st sess., 26th cong. on the Senate bill for the relief of 
Pierre Menard, Antoine Peltier, and Joseph Placy, on ac- 
count of supplies to troops in Illinois country in 1779-80, and 
advances made to Col. George Rogers Clark and Col. Mont- 
gomery, Dec. 29, 1841. 21 pp. 

27th cong. 2d sess. House report 29, in v. i. (s. n. 407) 

Report of Committee of claims to accompany H. R. 323 
and 324, on claims of Pierre Menard, Joseph Bogy and the 
heirs of Antoine Pelletier, recommending adoption of the 
favorable reports made April, 1834, and April 23, 1836; with 
copies of the reports and documents. Mar. 9, 1848. 9 pp. 

30th cong. 1st sess. House report 343, in v. 2. (s. n. 

525) 



84 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Report of the Committee on the judiciary, adverse to 
granting the request in memorial of Pierre Menard and Jo- 
seph Bogy, heirs of Joseph Placy, June 23, 1854. i p. 

33d cong. 1st sess. House report 233, in v. 2. (s. n. 
743) 

MORGAN, HORATIO, CLAIMS OF. 

Report of Committee on Revohitionary claims, adverse 
to the petition of Horatio Morgan (heir of Zackquell Mor- 
gan) [claiming land-bounty on account of Illinois expedition 
of ^77&], Jan 26, 1835. 4 Pp. 

23d cong. 2d sess. Senate com. reports 82. (s. n. ) 

Report of Committee on private land claims, to accom- 
pany H. R. 922, favorable to granting the petition of heirs of 
Captain Robert Orr, which prays for a grant of land, accord- 
ing to an act passed ceding a tract of land to Col. George 
Rogers Clark and the oificers and soldiers of his regiment 
who marched with him when the posts of Kaskaskia and 
Saint Vincent were reduced, Mar. 9, 1859. 6 pp. 

35th cong. 2d sess. House report 238, m v. i. (s. n. 
1018) 

ORR, ROBERT, CLAIMS OF. 

Report of Committee on private land claims, favorable 
to the granting of the petition of the heirs of Captain Robert 
Orr, which prays for a grant of land [on account of the Illi- 
nois campaign of 1778] Mar. 9, 1859. 6 pp. 

35th cong. 2d sess. House reports 238. 

Report of Committee on public lands, adverse to granting 
the petition of Robert Orr and Chambers Orr, surviving heirs 
of Captain Robert Orr [who fought] in the expedition of 
General George Rogers Clark, of Virginia, against the In- 
dians in the now state of Ohio, in 1781, praying the land 
promised by the laws of Virginia. May 19, i860. 3 pp. 

36th cong. 1st sess. Senate com. report 229. (s. n. 
1040)* 

Report of the Judiciary committee, to accompany S. 175, 
favorable to the allowance to the heirs of Antoine Peltier the 
amount of their claim adjusted and allowed by the State of 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 85 

Virginia, for moneys advanced by said Peltier to the regiment 
of General George Rogers Clark in the Illinois country. May 
13, 1834. I p. 

23d cong. 1st sess. Sen, doc. 356 in v. 4. (s. n. 241.) 

PELTIER, ANTOINE, CLAIMS OF. 

Report of the Judiciary committee favorable to Sen. bills 
42 and 229, allowing the claims of Antoine Peltier, Joseph 
Bogy and Pierre Menard, April 23, 1836. i p. 

24th cong, 1st sess. Sen. doc. 326, in v. 4. (s. n. 282) 

Report of Committee on Revolutionary claims, favorable 
to House bill 45 and 46, one for payment of a debt due the 
heirs of Antoine Peltier and the other for the relief of the 
heirs of Nicholas Lachance, both claims growing out of bills 
of exchange drawn by Lieutenant Colonel John Montgomery 
under General George Rogers Clark, upon the treasury of 
Virginia for supplies furnished at Kaskaskia in 1779 and 1780, 
for Illinois campaign. Mar. 28, 1850. 7 pp. 

31st cong. 1st sess. House report 179, in v. i, (s, n, 

583) 

VIGO, FRANCIS, CLAIMS OF, 

Report of Committee on Revolutionary claims, adverse 
to memorial of Francis Vigo, which prays for payment of 
bill of exchange for supplies furnished Continental troops in 
1778, Feb. 24, 1835. 24 pp. 

23d cong. 2d sess. House reports 122, in v. i. (s. n. 
276) 

Report of Committee on Revolutionary claims to accom- 
pany H. R. 330, on Memorial of Francis Vigo, recommend- 
ing refundment to the memorialist of amount of advances 
made by memorialist to Virginia troops during the Revolu- 
tion. Feb. II, 1836. 33 pp. 

24th cong. 1st sess. House com. report 317, in v. i. 
(s. n. 293) 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, on 
Memorial of Francis Vigo, recommending allowance for ex- 
penses incurred and advances made in Illinois campaign in 
1778. Dec. 22, 1837. 33 pp. 

25th cong. 2d sess. House com, report 118. in v, i. 
(s. n. 333) 



86 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Report of Committee on Revolutionary claims, to accom- 
pany H. R. 911, on memorial of Colonel Francis Vigo, rec- 
ommending allowance for expenses incurred and advances 
made in the Illinois campaign in 1778. Dec. 21, 1838. 33 pp. 

25th cong. 3d sess. House com. report 13, in v. i. 
(s. n. 351) 

Report of Committee on Revolutionary claims, adverse 
to the petition of the heirs of Francis Vigo, which claims 
amount of a bill of exchange for $8,616 dated in 1778, and 
given for supplies furnished Virginia troops and lost. Mar. 
15, 1842. I p. 

27th cong. 2d sess. Sen. doc. 178, in v. 3. (s. n. 397) 

Report of Committee on Revolutionary claims, adverse 
to paying claim for amount alleged to be due Francis Vigo 
on account of bill of exchange drawn in his favor at Kas- 
kaskia, Illinois, in 1778, by Col. George Rogers Clark, as 
agent of Virginia, and never paid; [the same having been 
allowed by Commissioner Smith in 1835 with interest] April 
I, 1842. 6 pp. 

27th cong. 2d sess. House report 525, in v. 2. (s. n. 
408) 

Resolution of Indiana legislature in relation to the claim 
of Col. Francis Vigo, favoring the passage of a law providing 
for payment of said claim and instructing governor to trans- 
mit the resolution to senators and representatives in Con- 
gress. Jan. 13, 1846. I p. 

29th cong. 1st sess. House doc. 61, in v. 4. (s. n. 483) 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, ad- 
verse to the memorial of the representative of Francis Vigo, 
deceased [which prays for compensation for money advanced 
by him to General George Rogers Clark, during the Illinois 
campaign in 1778] April 11, 1846. 3 pp. 

29th cong. 1st sess. Senate com. report 294, in v. 5. 
(s. n. ) 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims ad- 
verse to the memorial of the heirs of Francis Vigo [praying 
for the payment of claims based on draft issued in favor of 
Vigo by George Rogers Clark upon Oliver Pollock in 1778] 
April II, 1846. 3 pp. 

29th cong. 1st sess. Sen. doc. 294, in v. 5. (s. n. 474) 



A Bibliography of George Rogers Clark 87 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, to 
accompany H. R. 251, on claims of Francis Vigo, recom- 
mending remuneration for supplies furnished the army dur- 
ing the Revolutionary war. Feb. 21, 1846. 33 pp. 

29th cong. 1st sess. House report 313, in v. 2. (s. n. 
489) 

Resolution of the Illinois legislature, in favor of the ad- 
justment and payment of claims for aid and advances fur- 
nished by individuals [Francis Vigo] to the expedition under 
General George Rogers Clark in 1778-79, known as the Illi- 
nois campaign. Feb. 22, 1847. ^ PP- 

29th cong. 2d sess. Sen. doc. 174, in v. 3. (s. n. 495) 

Resolution of the Indiana legislature, in relation to the 
claim of Francis Vigo, for the payment of $8,616 for advances 
made to the troops under the command of General George 
Rogers Clark, in the Illinois campaign in 1778- 1779. Feb. 
25, 1847. I P- 

29th cong. 2d sess. Sen. doc. 196, in v. 3. (s. n. 495) 

Resolution of the Indiana legislature asking payment of 
claim of Francis Vigo, deceased. Feb. 8, 1848. 2 pp. 

30th cong. 1st sess. Sen. misc. doc. 45, in v. i. (s. n. 

511) 

Report of the Committee on claims, on the Memorial of 
Francis Vigo, recommending the payment of money ad- 
vanced by Col. Francis Vigo to General George Rogers 
Clark during the "Illinois campaign" in 1778. [Document 
contains General Clark's itemized account against Virginia] 
Feb. 9, 1848. 62 pp. 

30th cong. 1st sess. House report 216, in v. 2. (s. n. 

525) 

Report of the Committee on Revolutionary claims, rec- 
ommending the indefinite postponement of House bill 216, 
for the relief of the legal representatives of Colonel Francis 
Vigo. Mar. i, 1849. 2 pp. 

30th cong. 2d sess. Sen. committee report 326. (s. n. 

535) 

Resolution of Indiana legislature in relation to the claims 
of the representatives of Colonel Francis Vigo for $8,616 for 



88 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

advances made to troops under the command of George 
Rogers Clark, in the Ilhnois campaign in 1778-9. Feb. 18, 
1850. 2 pp. 

31st cong. 1st sess. Sen. misc. doc. 49, in v. i. (s. n. 

563) 

Report of the Committee on Claims, favorable to the Me- 
morial of Colonel Francis Vigo, praying compensation for 
money advanced by him to General George Rogers Clark, 
during the Illinois campaign in 1778. Feb. 16, 1854. 9 pp. 

33d cong. 1st sess. House report 117, in v. i. (s. n. 
742) 

VIRGINIA CLAIMS. 

Documents accompanying the bill from the Senate, en- 
titled, "An act for the relief of certain officers and soldiers of 
the Virginia state line during the Revolutionary war." 
[Colonel George Rogers Clark and the soldiers and officers 
of the Illinois campaign] May 13, 1830. 6 pp. 

2 1 St cong. 1st sess. House report 404, in v. 3. (s. n. 
201) 

Memorial of Thomas W. Gilmer, Commissioner on behalf 
of the State of Virginia, on certain claims of the state of Vir- 
ginia against the United States, for various large sums of 
money which have been paid, and which that Commonwealth 
may be bound to pay, on account of the services of the troops 
of her state line, during the war of the Revolution. [George 
Rogers Clark and the Illinois campaign] Dec. 19, 1831. 

59 PP- 

22d cong. 1st sess. House doc. 20. (s. n. 220) 

Report of a select committe on the Memorial of Thomas 
W. Gilmer, commissioner delegated by and acting for and in 
behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia for Revolutionary 
claims [with special reference to the claims of George Rogers 
Clark and his regiment employed in the Illinois campaign], 
(submitting documents, lists of officers and a bill) Jan 16, 
1832. 66 pp. 

22d cong. 1st sess. House report 191, in v. i. (s. n. 
224) 

The Draper Collection of Manuscripts relating to George 
Rogers Clark, in 65 bound folio volumes, are in the library of 
the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, at Madison. 




The General Society of Sons 
of the Revolution 




HE founder of the Society of the Sons 
of the Revolution was Mr. John 
Austin Stevens, of the Class of 1846, 
Harvard University. Mr. Stevens 
is the grandson of Brevet-Colonel 
Ebenezer Stevens, of the Second 
Regiment Continental Corps of Ar- 
tillery in the Revolution, and is 
- , _ _ known as the accomplished founder 

ot the Magazme of American History. When Mr 
Stevens learned, after correspondence with the Honorable 
Hanulton Fish, President General of the Cincinnati, that 
the mstitution of that order would not be chano-ed so as 
admit descendants in junior lines of original members he 
conceived the idea of forming the Society of the Sons of 
the Revolution. He accordingly brought about a meeting 
of several gentlemen for consultation in his office, in the 
New York Historical Society, December eighteenth 
^?r'^^\. Among those present were the late Mr. Georee 
W W. Houghton, Mr. William Kelby, Assistant 
Librarian of the New York Historical Society, and the 
Honorable Asa Bird Gardiner, LL. D., then Professor of 
Law in the United States Military Academy at West 
Point, now the Secretary General of the Society of the 
Cincinnati. These gendemen having heartily entered 
into Mr. Stevens's plan, the name Sons of the Revolution 
was adopted after the consideration of many names and 
a second meeting was held at the New York Historical 
Society rooms, January fifteenth, 1876, when Mr. Stevens 

89 



90 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

submitted his completed constitution for approval. The 
purposes of the Society were to revive and maintain the 
patriotic spirit of the heroes who had achieved the inde- 
pendence of the United States, to collect and secure for 
preservation the historical records and documents relating 
to the War of the Revolution, and to promote social 
intercourse and good feeling among the members. As 
the centennial celebration at Philadelphia was approach- 
ing, it was decided to issue a call for a general meeting, 
to be held on Washington's birthday, to arrange for a 
representation at the Philadelphia Centennial. Before 
that time the constitution submitted by Mr. Stevens was 
approved and subscribed by Messrs. Stevens, Houghton, 
Gardiner, L. Cass Ledyard, Charles Henry Ward, of the 
New York Society of the Cincinnati, and others, and the 
Society was duly instituted. The following is a copy of 
the circular letter issued by Mr. Stevens : 

" Sons of the Revolution : 

"The Society of the Cincinnati, founded at West Point 
by the officers of the Army of the Revolution in 1783, 
originally limited its membership to descendants of officers 
in the elder branch, and with a temporary and short 
variation from the rule, has ever since maintained its 
restriction. The approach of the centennial anniversary 
of American Independence is an appropriate time for the 
formation of a Society on a broader basis which may 
include all descendants of those who served with the 
Army of the Revolution. The undersigned have formed 
themselves into a Society under the name of Sons of the 
Revolution, and invite the membership of all who, like 
themselves, are descendants of officers or soldiers of the 
Revolutionary Army. The object of the Society is to take 
part in the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. A 
meeting will be held for organization at the rooms of the 
New York Historical Society on the morning of Tuesday, 
the twenty-second of February next (1876), at twelve 
o'clock. All persons having a right and desire to become 
members may send their names and the names of those 
they represent to the undersigned. 

John Austin Stevens. 



General Society of Sons of the Revolution 9 1 

The response to the call for the meeting of February 
twenty-second, although extensively published, showed a 
lack of public interest in Revolutionary matters, and the 
founders of the Society accordingly concluded, on the oc- 
casion of the called meeting, to await a more propitious 
day for increasing the Society's membership. The Soci- 
ety, although duly instituted, consequendy remained 
practically dormant for several years. The fact had been 
published, however, and had gone forth that the Society 
of Sons of the Revoludon had actually been formed In 
November, 1883, a great centennial celebradon was' held 
in New York City to commemorate the evacuadon of 
New York by the Bridsh. Mr. Stevens and the members 
of the Society saw that the propidous time had arrived 
for increasing the membership and establishing the Soci- 
ety on an enduring basis. Mr. Stevens issued carefully 
considered invitations for the memorable dinner held at 
Fraunces' Tavern on the evening of December fourth 
1883, the centennial anniversary of General Washington's 
farewell to the officers of the Condnental Army Here 
in the very "long room" where occurred that touching 
historic scene, the plan of the Society of Sons of the 
Revolution was submitted, and was enthusiasdcally re- 
ceived by the assemblage, composed of representative 
citizens of New York of Revoludonary descent. From 
that time the Society entered upon an existence of patri- 
otic usefulness, and hence it has been accustomed to date 
its success from the year 1883. It soon acquired a 
national reputation in consequence of a riaorous ad- 
herence to the qualificadons and limitadons for member- 
ship, by the character and standing of its members the 
principles it enunciated, and by its patriodc commemora- 
tive celebrations and public spirited efforts, evinced more 
particularly in the matter of the successful erecdon of 
Bartholdi 8 Statue of Liberty, in New York Harbor and 
in the movement for the erecdon of a statue to Captain 
Nathan Hale. This honorable reputadon achieved by 
the Society made the Honorable Hamilton Fish Presi- 
dent General of the Cincinnad, declare on March twenty- 
second, 1889, that he regarded the Society of Sons of the 



92 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

Revolution as "a younger brother of the Cincinnati 
laboring to perpetuate the same principles and inheriting 
the same memories which belonged to the Cincinnati." 
On May third, 1884, the Society was duly incorporated, 
under the laws of the State of New York, by the distinct- 
ive name of "Sons ot the Revolution," the name which 
had been adopted originally at the meeting held Decem- 
ber eighteenth, 1875. Among the incorporators were 
some of the founders who had been at the first meeting, 
and the late eminent citizens, George H. Potts and 
Joseph W. Drexel. Fraunces' Tavern, which has been a 
house of public entertainment since 1762, and is memo- 
rable for meetings of the Sons of Liberty in 1775, became 
the headquarters of the Society for its meetings and com- 
memorative celebrations. 

At the outset Mr. Stevens and his associates contem- 
plated that in due time residents in the several States, 
who were actuated by the same spirit as the Sons of the 
Revolution, would desire to adopt its name, its principles, 
its insignia, and organize co-ordinate and co-equal State 
societies, and a provision for that contingency was 
inserted in the constitution. It was considered right and 
proper that if descendants of Revolutionary patriots in 
other States desired to take the Society's distinctive name 
and declared principles, and to organize under its banner, 
and participate in the benefits of its reputation, and afiili- 
ate with it, they should ask permission to do so, and thus 
enable the original society to ascertain whether they were 
qualified by descent and personal worthiness to be incor- 
porators of a society of Sons of the Revolution. After 
such incorporators had been found duly qualified, and had 
formed such State Society, it became a co-equal and co- 
ordinate affiliated organization for the same patriotic pur- 
poses, and had exclusive power to regulate its own affairs. 
Accordingly distinguished gentlemen in Pennsylvania and 
in the District of Columbia successively applied to be 
authorized to organize societies of Sons of the Revolution. 
Having been found duly qualified by descent and other- 
wise, their requests were cheerfully granted and they 
were given fraternal recognition. The Honorable William 



General Society of Sons of the Revolution 93 

Wayne, President of the Pennsylvania State Society of 
the Cincinnati, became President of the Pennsylvania 
Society of Sons of the Revolution, and former Governor 
John Lee Carroll, of Maryland, became President of the 
Society of Sons of the Revolution in the District of 
Columbia. 

It was considered by the founders of the Sons of the 
Revolution that, at the outset, in the formation of State 
societies the method of formation already mentioned 
would be one which would give the most assurance that 
the State societies would be properly formed, and that, in 
time, after there were enough State societies, there might 
be a general society formed, like that of the Cincinnati, 
to take charge of the general interests. They were 
guided in these views by the precedent established by the 
Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the 
Loyal Legion of the United States, founded in 1865. 
Distinguished officers of the Army and Navy in other 
States did not consider it derogatory to apply to the 
Pennsylvania Commandery for permission to form State 
commanderies of the same name and affiliate with it 
under the same banner, and consequently, commanderies 
in many States were formed, with approval of Pennsyl- 
vania, and in due season a National Commandery-in-Chief 
was formed. And so, in like manner, a General Society 
of Sons of the Revolution was formed upon the basis of 
the Society of the Cincinnati, with a constitution from the 
pen of the President of the State Society of Cincinnati in 
New Jersey. 

In the spring of 1889 occurred the great centennial 
celebration in the City of New York of the inauguration 
of the Government of the United States under the Consti- 
tution with Washington as President. In the arrange- 
ments for this celebration the Society of Sons of the 
Revolution took the initiative, and was joined by the New 
York Historical Society and Chamber of Commerce. As 
a consequence, in the arrangement of committees by the 
Honorable Abram Hewitt, Mayor of the City of New 
York, most of the chairmen and a majority of the mem- 
bers of the principal committees were selected from 
6 



94 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

among eminent citizens belonging to the Society of Sons 
of the Revolution. At that celebration was a large num- 
ber of official representatives of the States and Terri- 
tories who carried away such reports of the patriotic spirit 
of the New York organization that societies began to be 
organized in the Western and Southern States, where 
knowledge of the Society had not extended before. In 
several States associations were organized by miscella- 
neous mass meetings, which adopted constitutions 
radically different from the principles incorporated by the 
founders of Sons of the Revolution and admitted to 
membership gentlemen upon tradition and ex parte 
statements, without requiring the submission of reliable 
evidence to show that those persons were qualified or 
worthy of being members. The safeguards which had 
been thrown around the Society by rigorous examination 
as to eligibility and qualifications of all its members were 
necessarily wanting in organizations formed in this 
manner, and the parent society, while receiving applica- 
tions for recognition with a most liberal feeling of conces- 
sion, and actuated by no spirit of superiority or dictation, 
felt compelled to deny the petitions in all such cases. 
Happily in all these States societies were subsequently 
organized upon a proper basis and were duly admitted. 
The Society is conservative and is disposed to move 
slowly on well settled lines. But it has been gradually 
extending throughout the country. The qualifications 
and eligibility of all applicants for membership are care- 
fully examined, and no one is received without a record 
proof of the services of ancestors. 

The late Mr. Francis Cregar, who was not connected 
with the Society, referring to the Sons of the Revolution, 
said : 

" That organization has always maintained a high 
standard as regards membership qualifications, and has 
undoubtedly carried on the work of organization in a 
careful and conservative manner. Their publications, 
containing as they do carefully prepared membership 
lists, with full details as to the names, rank and Revolu- 
tionary services of their members' ancestors, sufficiently 



General Society of Sons of the Revolution 95 

demonstrate this fact to any impartial and unprejudiced 
mind. I am glad to say, however, that my conclusions are 
not solely drawn from these publications, but that I have 
had the privilege of making a thorough examination of the 
original membership records and other proofs of eligibility 
in the custody of the several Societies of the Sons of the 
Revolution, and that I have been thoroughly impressed 
with the care which the officers and managers of these 
Societies have taken to maintain the high standard of 
membership qualifications, and to collect records which 
can not fail to be an honor to the Society and a great aid 
to historical and genealogical students, both now and in 
the future." 

The institution of the New York Society was on 
February twenty-second, 1876. On December fourth, 
1883, a re-organization was effected and the Society was 
incorporated May third, 1884. Societies were instituted 
in Pennsylvania, April third, 1888; the District of 
Columbia, March eleventh, 1889; and in Iowa, April 
nineteenth, 1890. Early in 1889 it was deemed advisable 
by the three organized Societies of New York, Pennsyl- 
vania and the District of Columbia to form a national 
Society, as it became evident that the movement was 
extending over the country, and that a uniform system of 
government should be provided to secure harmonious 
action. A committee was appointed consisting of mem- 
bers of these Societies, who, after an extended and 
earnest consideration, presented a constitution which 
was ratified and adopted in each Society. On April 
nineteenth, 1890, delegates from the several Societies 
assembled at Washington and established the General 
Society of Sons of the Revolution, electing as President 
the Honorable John Lee Carroll, former Governor of 
Maryland, who has been continued in office to the present 
time. Under the provisions of the General Constitution, 
Societies were organized in the following States and 
received into the union of the General Society : Iowa, 
April 19, 1890; New Jersey, January 6, 1891 ; Georgia, 
May 22, 1891 ; Massachusetts, October i, 1891 ; Colorado, 
February 22, 1892; Maryland, April 11, 1892; Minne- 



96 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

sota, April 17, 1893; Ohio, May 2, 1893; California, 
May 8, 1893 ; Connecticut, May 24, 1893 ; New Hamp- 
shire, June 19, 1893 ; North Carolina, October 24, 1893 ; 
Illinois, December 4, 1893 ; Missouri, February 22, 1894 ; 
Alabama, April 16, 1894; West Virginia, April 19, 1894; 
Florida, April, 1894; South Carolina, September 3, 1894 ; 
Tennessee, November 24, 1894; Texas, March 12, 1895 ; 
Washington, March 26, 1895: Virginia, June 7, 1895; 
Michigan, April 17, 1896; Rhode Island, September 26, 
1896 ; North Dakota, February 12, 1897 ; Indiana, Sep- 
tember 30, 1897 ; and Arkansas, July 4, 1900. The 
present total membership in all these Societies is about 
seven thousand. Meetings of the General Society were 
held at Philadelphia, April 4, 1891 ; Trenton, April 23, 
1892 ; Philadelphia, June 16, 1892 ; New York, February 
16, 1893; New York, April 19, 1893; Baltimore, April 
19, 1894; Boston, April 19, 1895; Savannah, April 20, 
1896 ; Philadelphia, April 19, 1897 ; Cincinnati, October 
12, 1897 ; Denver, April 19, 1899 ; and Washington, 
April 19, 1902. 





John Lee Carroll, 



CKNERAL PRESIDENT OF THE SONS OF THE REVOLUTION 



97 



^^9J^ 




Mi^ 



Mm;: 



^m^^ 



^«t^ 



John Lee Carroll 




;OHN LEE CARROLL, the General 
President of the Society of Sons of 
the Revolution, was born in Baltimore 
September thirtieth, 1830. He was 
the third son of Charles and Mary 
Carroll and a descendant, in the fourth 
generation, of Charles Carroll, of 
Carrollton, a signer of the Declaration 
of Independence. His academic training was had in St. 
Mary's College, near Emmittsburg, Maryland, George- 
town College, and St. Mary's College, Baltimore. He 
studied law in the Harvard University Law School and 
returned to Baltimore to practise his profession. In pub- 
lic life Mr. Carroll has held many important positions of 
trust and honor. In 1859 he was appointed deputy 
clerk and United States commissioner in the office of 
George H. Betts, clerk of the United States District 
Court of New York. In 1869 he was elected to the State 
senate from Howard county, and was re-elected succeed- 
ing terms, and at the session of the legislature in 1874 
was elected president of the senate. He was elected 
Governor of Maryland in November, 1875, ^^^ ^^^ 
inaugurated January 12, 1876, one hundred years from 
the time his great-grandfather, Charles Carroll, signed the 
Declaration of Independence. 

.LsfC. 



99 



The Indiana Society of Sons 
of the Revolution 




HE Indiana Society of Sons of the 
Revolution was organized October 
thirtieth, 1897. The founders and 
charter members were John Hazen 
White, John Grenville Mott, Jesse 
Claiborne Tarkington, L. Ford Per- 
due, William Line Elder, Harry 
Alden Adams, Harold Taylor, 
James H. S. Lowes, John Minor 
Lilly, Edmund L. Brown, Louis M. Rowe, and John 
Davis Pugh. The membership in the six years since 
organization has increased to seventy-six. Owing to the 
fact that the requirements for membership include strictly 
lineal descent and documentary proof thereof, growth 
must necessarily be slow. The policy of the Indiana So- 
ciety is to adhere to the rigid precedents of the General 
Society and to prefer a small number of members prop- 
erly qualified to a larger number with questionable 
records of descent and doubtful ancestral service. The 
promoters of the Indiana Society were prompted in their 
movement by the fact that the Sons of the Revolution is 
the original society of descendants of Revolutionary 
heroes and that its elegibility clause is the most strict of 
any of the Revolutionary societies for men. In assisting 
applicants to secure membership, the originators and 
other members added later have frequently given aid in 
perfecting records. Besides the genealogical usefulness 
of the Society, it strives to forward practical patriotism 
through preserving historical documents and manuscripts ; 

100 



i 



Indiana Society of Sons of the Revolution loi 

providing memorials and contributing to monument and 
memorial funds of the General Society ; influencing legis- 
lation to prevent desecration of the flag and to preserve 
things hallowed by association with deeds of American 
patriotism ; through the observance of flag day ; and 
through its medal contest for high school pupils, as 
well as by other means that opportunity may present 
and judgment consider desirable. The annual meeting 
of the Society for the transaction of business and the 
election of officers, which is held October twentieth, is 
also made a social function for the members. A dinner 
is always served after the meeting and toasts combining 
earnest patriotism savored with pleasant wit are re- 
sponded to by the members, making this a delightful oc- 
casion. At times a citizen of distinction, not a member 
of the Society, is invited to entertain the members at the 
dinner. Last year the Honorable Addison C. Harris, 
former United States Minister to Austria, gave an ad- 
dress that was noteworthy for instructiveness, literary 
grace and simplicity, delicate humor and good fellowship. 
The dinners for the past few years have been given at 
the Denison hotel and the University Club. The Society 
gives in early spring a smoker to which members are 
privileged to invite their friends who are eligible or are 
interested in the work of the Society. A buffet luncheon, 
cigars, and other refreshments are served, and the only 
program is of a vaudeville character. Monologists, 
singers, prestidigitators, and the like, are engaged for 
the evening. The smoker is held at one of the club 
houses of Indianapolis. Washington's birthday is ob- 
served by the Society on the Sunday preceding the 
twenty-second of February. The Chaplain of the Society 
makes a patriotic address at his church to which all 
patriotic societies are invited as guests of the Sons. Oc- 
casionally a minister other than the chaplain is invited to 
make the address. Reverend Sims, Reverend Quayle, 
Reverend Brown, and Reverend Philputt have made ad- 
dresses commemorative of Washington's birthday. When 
a member of the Society dies, his family is presented 
with a silk flag of regulation size to cover the remains. 



UL.H'Jl.l] , TT- 



102 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

The spirit of the Society is not to differentiate its 
members from society at large, but to be useful in a 
patriotic way and to preserve to its members all those 
advantages that belong to old families and long lines of 
descent, with the qualities that give those advantages. 
Thus the members may be stronger to assist in leaven- 
ing society with those qualities that a worthy pride of 
clean and honorable history and tradition contribute to 
the general welfare. This spirit is the spirit of morality 
and gentility and fellowship and not of snobbery and of 
narrow and conceited aristocracy. It is the spirit of aris- 
tocracy in the original and best meaning of that word, 
the spirit of the best citizenship. The Society's social 
motive is to preserve and cultivate in its members those 
refinements and forces of character that have distin- 
guished the best people of all times and all nations. 





The Indianapolis Public Library 



103 




The Genius of Washington 

Sermon by Rev. Allan B. Philputt, Chaplain of the 
Indiana Society, i 900-1 901 




[HE Central Christian Church was 
crowded yesterday morning at the 
service held in commemoration of 
Washington's birthday with repre- 
sentatives of the Sons of the Revo- 
lution and of kindred patriotic soci- 
eties as guests. Rev. Allan B. 
Philputt, the pastor, who is chap- 
lain of the Indiana Society of Sons of the Revo- 
lution, delivered an address upon the "Genius of 
Washington," 

Mr. Philputt prefaced his address with remarks upon 
the aims of organizations such as those represented in 
the congregation, saying that the object of these societies 
was not to cultivate pride of ancestry nor to pose as hav- 
ing a monopoly of patriotism, or the keeping in their 
hands of Revolutionary and Colonial history. These 
things are the heritage of all the people and there are 
thousands whose ancestors fought in the Revolution who 
are not identified with these organizations. "But it is 
our duty" he said, "to help keep alive an interest in the 
story of the great struggle for liberty, to encourage 
young people to study the history of their own country 
and the heroism of its founders, and to give hearty sup- 

105 



1 06 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

port to the best citizenship and the highest national 
ideals. There is increasing need that emphasis be laid 
on these things." 

Mr. Philputt's text was: "We have heard with our 
ears, O God, our Fathers have told us what work thou 
didst in their days, in the times of old." — Ps. 44: i. 

He said: "Washington is the great figure of Amer- 
ican history. The Revolution was the work of the people 
but he so embodied its spirit that it seems to have been 
the work of one man. On the very eve of the struggle 
John Adams said: 'We have not men fit for the times. 
We are deficient in genius, in education, in travel, in 
fortune, in everything!' Events develop men, and the 
period is studded with a galaxy of stars, but Washington 
was above them all. He was a man of poise. Others 
were more gifted, more brilliant, but to him must be 
given the credit of carrying the mighty burden Atlas-like 
upon his shoulders. Had he fallen in battle or been 
captured by the enemy, so far as human mind can see 
the Revolution would not have succeeded. Do we not, 
after all, fail to appreciate the greatness, the genius of 
Washington ? 

"He is spoken of as a good man, and his character 
generally disappears behind a cloud of common-places. 
He was a man of moral firmness, it is said, but no genius. 
There are times when moral firmness is genius. It was 
so with Washington ; it was so with Lincoln. We call a 
man a genius who performs some brilliant feat, or makes 
a pyrotechnic display of his powers. Shall we refuse the 
title to one who does all thingrs well? Shall we honor 
the man who creates an epic above him who creates a 
nation? Shall we deny him greatness because there was 
no baseness in his nature, no depths of degradation to 
form a contrast with his nobler powers ? Europe has 
praised the intellect of Washington as America has not. 

"It is not contended that he made no mistakes in de- 
tails of military strategy. But was it not genius that 
turned back such defeat at Monmouth, that swooped 
down upon Trenton and Princeton with a thousand men 
at the lowest ebb of the Revolution, reviving the hopes 



The Genius of Washington 107 

of an expiring cause ? Was it not genius that held so 
many hot-spurs and madcaps among his generals in 
leash, that bore with serenity so many intrigues of men 
ambitious for place, aiming at the overthrow of the com- 
mander-in-chief himself ? Was it not genius and tact of 
the highest order that enabled him to accept and hold 
the co-operation of French fleets and armies, commanded 
by soldiers of fortune, gifted in all the finesse of European 
etiquette, soldiers among whose gay uniforms his own 
ragged and bare-footed continentals looked like crows 
among birds of paradise ? Was there no military science 
displayed in the arrangement of those combinations 
which preceded and led up to the surrender at Yorktown ? 
Frederick the Great pronounced the Trenton campaign 
the most brilliant of the century, and it was the century 
of himself and Marlborough. Cornwallis said it was the 
most brilliant event of the whole struggle. 

"But to build a State was a greater task than to lead 
a revolution, and here again Washington is the master 
spirit. He gave his voice for a powerful union while 
others temporized with shifting prejudice and sectional 
animosities. His great soul was to his people as a pillar 
of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night. Fiske has 
called this the critical period of American history. Law- 
lessness and license bid fair to eclipse patriotism, but 
Washington's faith and courage upheld the sinking hopes 
of his country-men. Others like Adams and Henry 
doubted, but he was sure. Washington presided over 
the constitutional convention. To one who distrusted 
the new scheme of the constitution, Hamilton replied, 
• Fear is folly since George Washington is to be presi- 
dent.' And so it was. To those who are inclined to 
believe in a divine providence over nations there will be 
no lack of sanction in these marvellous events of our 
history. 

" If the high destiny of the English speaking race 
could have been thwarted by treason and intrigues on 
the field or by a silly and bickering congress in the halls 
of legislation, this free American republic would never 
have seen the light. The old Quaker was right who 



io8 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

placed his hope in God and George Washington. Ham- 
ilton has been called the head of the government, Jeffer- 
son the heart, and Jay the conscience, but Washington 
the lambent flame in which these mighty powers were 
fused. In diplomacy he affirmed new principles which 
are now a part of the law of nations. He steered the 
country through the period of the French revolution and 
was almost the only statesman who kept a clear head 
and a firm purpose in that vast upheaval. He changed 
mankind's ideas of political greatness. He was abso- 
lutely unselfish. His motives were spotless. He re- 
jected partizanship and did not care that his favorites 
outvoted others. He brought a dignity to the executive 
chair unequalled even by the splendor of European 
thrones. His maxims still govern our statesmen except 
when they wish to embark upon some doubtful experi- 
ment. Daniel Webster said of him in his address on the 
hundredth anniversary of Washington's birth in 1832: 
'We cannot wish better for the country nor for the 
world than that the same spirit which influenced Wash- 
ington may influence all who succeed him.' Washing- 
ton's high principles will forever rebuke all sordid 
scramble for power and all misuse of high prerogative 
for personal or party ends. ' No line written by him 
would posterity erase ' says George William Curtis, ' no 
act annul; no word spoken could they wish blotted out.' 
" On the eve of the organization of the constitutional 
convention when the despair of many was suggesting 
fatal compromises, Washington uttered these memorable 
words : ' If to please the people we offer what we disap- 
prove, how shall we justify ourselves to posterity? Let 
us raise a standard to which the wise and honest can re- 
pair. The event is in the hands of God.' It is safe yet 
for our leaders to take their bearings from the Fathers of 
the Republic, and from that wisdom which sprang close 
by the blood of the Revolution. Those glorious times 
should not be forgotten. We should teach them to our 
children and to the strangers within our gates. The ear 
should rejoice to hear them and the heart be glad to 
think upon them. If such is to be the case, if the names 



The Genius of Washington 



109 



of the heroes of '76 are to be properly remembered and 
their glorious deeds recited, if their spirit is to still live in 
the hearts of our people, we must keep them before us 
in song and celebration, in monuments and memorials, 
and in the imperishable pages of our literature. In the 
cherishing of this noble purpose it is but fair to say that 
the patriotic societies such as are represented here upon 
this occasion should lead the way." — Indianapolis Jour- 
nal, February 24, 1901. 




American Ideals in 1776 and 1902 

Text : " JLooli unto t|)e rocfe tDD()ence pe art l)rton" 

Extracts from a Sermon Preached at St. Paul's 
Episcopal Church, Indianapolis, Sunday, Feb- 
ruary 23, 1902, BY the Rev. Lewis 
Brown, Chaplain of the Indiana 
Society, i 901-1902 




S Sons of the Revolution we are 
gathered together this anniversary 
to honor Washington's birthday. 
The Sunday nearest may well be 
given to reverent praise. What we 
have been as a nation is occasion for 
devout thankfulness — what we may 
be is ground for humility and deeper 
reliance upon the unseen. In no 
sense is this service inspired by self-praise. While we 
abate no jot or tittle of our permitted satisfaction over an 
ancestry worthy of emulation, still we are conscious that 
recognition of us as its progeny without reproduction of 
its qualities in us is the height of folly. We meet for 
encouragement and stimulation. The past is bed-rock 
and the future must be of peerless marble. ' Well begun 
if half done.' A study of conditions is the approved mode 
of perpetuation. We may well ask that the ideals 
making glorious a century ago and purchasing the free- 
dom which we now enjoy may stand inviolate. We had 
a certain type of people then because they had been 
moulded to meet the emergency. How do the qualities 

no 



American Ideals in 1776 and 1902 iii 

of the people of 1902 compare with those of the peopfe of 
1776? Is the spirit alike commendable and pervasive? 
Such questions are timely and should be fruitful of result. 
" A conspicuous feature of colonial days was courtesy. 
There was a gentility in intercourse, a politeness in social 
interchange, which adorned every phase of life. In con- 
verse and the prosecution of daily affairs there was a 
graciousness that added to life an indelible charm. 
Doubtless the deliberateness with which everything was 
undertaken permitted such qualities. There was little 
haste. The world of affairs was limited and what could 
not be done to-day awaited its morrow with perfect 
serenity. No one felt that time was lost because etiquette 
was sedulously cultivated. There was a willingness to 
spare the abrupt phrases and to garnish the speech of the 
parlor and the boudoir. It may seem somewhat affected 
as we review the customs to-day. We may conclude 
that such punctiliousness and precision are impractical for 
present use. Yet in so judging we are really marking 
the materialism of the age. To cultivate the shop to the 
extent commonly done is not to our credit. On the 
antique tomb of William Wykelun in Winchester Cathe- 
dral is carved the famous epigram — ' Manners maketh 
man.' According to Lady Montague, ' Civility costs 
nothing and buys everything.' 'Win hearts,' said 
Burleigh to Queen Elizabeth, 'and you have all men's 
hearts and purses.' We could spare much from our 
brusque ways to gain the polish and repose that made 
luminous a century ago. The minuet was not then 
simply the wonted dance, it was an expression of the 
ruling mood. That stately movement, those profound 
salutations, the dainty touching of hands, all strictly 
accorded with the prevailing temper. Dignity never 
swerved. It was a power to be reckoned with. An 
incident in connection with Washington is pertinent. A 
certain officer who chafed beneath the decorum was 
challenged by another ' over the walnuts and wine ' to slap 
the Commander-in-chief familiarly upon the back. He 
drew near to accomplish his purpose, but quailed at sight 
of that figure of reserve. Bravado and braggadocio 



112 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

melted in a moment and he beat a hasty retreat, rebuked 
by the silent nobility of the man. When Bunker Hill 
monument was dedicated in the twenties a soldier of the 
Revolution was momentarily displaced while Edward 
Everett was speaking. The soldier rose to his feet from 
his post of honor, but received the gentle admonition from 
the orator, ' Sit down, sir. It is for us to rise in your 
presence.' There is nothing we could more profitably 
perpetuate than the gracious reserve and dignity of our 
forefathers. 

" We shall never know all the privations of that period, 
the cheerfulness and courage which animated high and 
low, the willingness to suffer that final good might 
prevail. There were daily tokens of the character of our 
forefathers. The family plate was bartered for bullets ; 
uniforms were constructed from feminine finery ; many 
a ball-dress re-appeared in a flag. The women of the age 
shine with exceptional lustre. History speaks of the un- 
exampled heroism of the men, but behind them stood 
wives and mothers as noteworthy for sterling qualities of 
heart and mind. 

" We are not surprised that faith lit its pure candle in 
the darkest hours and pointed the way for trembling feet 
to press. There was need of reliance upon God, and that 
fact deepened the whole domain of truth. Praying ever 
that the loving Father might succor and sustain the 
country, bringing victory and peace, those sires of the 
nation knelt contritely at the family altar or amid the rude 
surroundings of the camp. It was this attiude more than 
aught else that presaged the final triumph. In his letter 
to the Governors of the States in 1783, Washington said: 
' When I contemplate the interposition of Providence, as 
it was visibly manifest in guiding us through the Revolu- 
tion * * * I feel myself oppressed and almost over- 
whelmed with a sense of Divine munificence.' There 
spake the crystallized verdict of the hour and from such a 
conclusion the outcome was absolute. ' I will overturn, 
overturn, overturn,' saith the Lord, 'till he come whose 
right it is.' 

^ H: :^ ^ ^ ^ 



American Ideals in 1776 and 1902 113 

" It seems needless to enforce the value of our medita- 
tion. The pure aims of '1776' must clarify those of 
' 1902.' Our heritage must be handed down unimpaired. 
Let us consecrate ourselves anew by the contemplation of 
that which our forefathers accomplished and leave behind 
a record worthy of such patrimony. Respecting worship, 
hallowing the Lord's day, enforcing truth and probity, we 
can approve ourselves alike to God and man, * workmen 
that needeth not to be ashamed.' Politics, not as a trade 
but as a sacrifice to the state, is the goal of every stainless 
ambition. Valuing our citizenship beyond price, let us 
cause it to merit esteem in the generations to come." 





A Copy of the Contest Circular 




Notice to Pupils 

HE INDIANA SOCIETY OF SONS 
OF THE REVOLUTION will have 
under its auspices this year (1900- 
1901) the SECOND ANNUAL 
MEDAL CONTEST for pupils in 
the commissioned hio^h schools of 
Indiana. The purpose of the contest 
is to promote interest in patriotic 
subjects among the young men and women of the State. 
To the pupil who shall write the best essay on a subject 
connected with the Revolutionary War will be given a 
beautiful solid silver medal ; to the pupil who shall write 
the second best essay will be given a handsome bronze 
medal. The medals are of Revolutionary design, are 
costly, and are made for the Society especially for this 
purpose. You are cordially invited to compete. 

Last spring the first medal essay was published in the 
Indianapolis Press. Its subject was "The Fruits of the 
1778 Expedition of George Rogers Clark," and the writer 
was Miss Alice Devol, of the Class of 1900 of the New 
Albany high school. The second medal essay was 
written by Miss May Starr, of the same class of the same 

114 



A Copy of the Contest Circular 1 1 5 

school, on "Burgoyne's Expedition." Pupils of the 
Bedford, Goodland, Hartford City, Indianapolis, North 
Manchester, and Oxford high schools received honorable 
mention. 

Conditions of the Contest 

Any pupil in any class of any commissioned high 
school in Indiana may compete. He or she must be a 
pupil for at least a part of the year 1 900-1 901. 

The subject of the essay may be a person, battle, 
campaign, or significant incident or circumstance con- 
nected with the War of Independence, or any combination 

of these. 

The essay must contain not fewer than fifteen hun- 
dred words, and not more than two thousand words. 

The essay must be finished and in the hands of the 
Secretary of the Society not later than May i, 1901. 

The name of the writer must not be written on the 
essay itself, but must be written on a separate sheet of 
paper and enclosed with the essay. The Secretary will 
give each essay a distinctive mark so that it may be 
identified after the judges have given their decision. 

Essays will not be returned after the contest unless 
their return is especially requested and postage is sent 
for that purpose. 

A pupil who has submitted an essay that did not 
receive a medal, may rewrite it and submit it again in any 
contest so long as he or she shall be a high school pupil. 

A committee of three capable and impartial persons 
will judge the essays, taking into consideration the origin- 
ality, thought, and general literary excellence of each 
essay submitted. The decision will be published in the 
Indianapolis papers, and the medal winners and those to 
whom is accorded honorable mention will be notified by 
the Secretary. 

A grade above 80, on the scale of 100, constitutes 
honorable mention. 

William Allen Wood, 
Secretary of Sons of the Revolution in Indiana, 

Indianapolis. 



1 1 6 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

The Society of Sons of the Revolution is composed of 
men who derive their eligibility to membership in the 
organization from being descended from soldiers or 
sailors in the Revolutionary War, or from an ancestor 
who, as an official, or by other means than fighting, was 
instrumental in bringing about the independence of the 
American colonies : provided, that in the last instance, the 
service of the official or person as designated shall have 
been performed in the civil service of the United States, 
or one of the thirteen original States, and shall have been 
sufficiently important to have rendered him liable to arrest 
and imprisonment, the same as a combatant, if captured 
by the enemy, as well as liable to conviction for treason 
against the Government of Great Britain. Positive proof 
of the service rendered by the ancestor must be given in 
making application for membership, family tradition and 
family history based on tradition not being acceptable. 
Access may be had to the rolls of Revolutionary soldiers 
in any large library, especially in State libraries. Where 
the ancestor received a pension, a certificate to that effect 
may be had from the Commissioner of Pensions, Wash- 
ington. 

Any male person over twenty-one years of age, and 
of good character, may, upon proof of eligibility, become 
a member. 

Application papers may be had from the Secretary of 
the Indiana Society. 




Medal given bv the Indiana Society in the Essay Contest 



117 




Roll of Members 



STATS NO. 



3 ADAMS, HARRY ALDEN, Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Levi Adams, Sergeant in 
Capt. Samuel Willard's company, Vermont 
militia, Col. Ira Allen's regiment; also in 
Capt. John Stark's company; also rendered 
service in defense of the northern frontier 
of Vermont. Certificate from the Record 
and Pension Ofifice, Washington, D. C. 

Great-great-grandson of David Merriam, a 
private in Capt. Manassah Sawyer's com- 
pany. Col. Dike's regiment, Massachusetts 
militia; again in Capt. William Thurbow^'s 
company, at Bennington, under Maj. Ebe- 
nezer Bridge; again in Capt. Jonathan 
Gates's company. State Archives of Massa- 
chusetts, vol. 26, p. 419; vol, 3, p. 176; vol. 
23, p. 119; vol. 19, p. 155. 

Great-great-grandson of Sherebiah Butt, Lieu- 
tenant of the Second Company, Eleventh 
militia, of Connecticut; also Captain of the 
Second Company of the Twenty-fifth militia. 
Certificate from the State Librarian of Con- 
necticut. 

119 



I 20 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE NO. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Solomon Rood, 
private in Capt. John King's company, Col. 
John Ashley's regiment, Massachusetts mi- 
litia. Record Index to the Revolutionary 
War Archives, vol. 20, p. 144. Certificate 
from the Secretary of the Commonwealth 
of Massachusetts. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Moses Foster, a 
private in Capt. John Burnam's company. 
Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, com- 
manded by Col. Michael Jackson. Certifi- 
cate from the Record and Pension Offtce, 
Washington, D. C. 

Great-great-grandson of Ezra Day, member of 
the "Committee of Correspondence, Safety 
and Inspection," South Hadley Falls, Mass. 
Certificate from the Town Clerk, South Had- 
ley Falls, Mass. 

Great-great-grandson of Nathan Adams, a pri- 
vate in Capt. Joseph Slarrow's company, 
Col. David Wells's regiment, Massachusetts 
mihtia. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors 
of the Revolutionary War, p. 64. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Isaac Merriam, 
of Capt. John White's company, of Steam's 
regiment of Massachusetts militia; again of 
the Twefth Massachusetts Regiment, com- 
manded by Col. Gamaliel Bradford. Cer- 
tificate from the Record and Pension Ofifice, 
Washington, D. C. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Josiah Butt, of 
Bacon's company, Col. John Chester's regi- 
ment, Gen. Wadworth's brigade of Con- 
necticut troops; also of Capt. Moses 
Branche's company. Col. Obadiah Johnson's 
regiment, Connecticut militia. Connecticut 
Men in the Revolution, pp. 412, 527. 

61 ANDERSEN, DORSEY L., Greencastle. 

Great-great-grandson of Joseph Stilwell, En- 



Roll of Members 121 

STATE NO. 

sign in the First Regiment, Monmouth 
County, New Jersey, mihtia, who was pro- 
rnoted Captain therein; served as Captain 
also in Col. Samuel Forman's detached mi- 
litia. Officers and Men of New Jersey in the 
Revolutionary War, p. 412. Certificate from 
the Adjutant General of New Jersey. 



32 BAKER, FRANK TARKINGTON, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Silas Foster, Com- 
mander of the brigantine Joanna, a privateer 
of the Revolution. Certificate from the De- 
partment of State, Washington, D. C. 

65 BARHYDT, THEODORE WELLS, Jr., 
Terre Haute. 

Great-grandson of Jerome Barhydt, a soldier 
in the New York line, Fourth Regiment, 
under Capt. Abraham Voder. Roster of 
New York Soldiers in the Revolution, pp. 
225, 288. 

29 BARNETT, COL. JOHN THOMAS, Indian- 
apolis. (Transferred from the Ohio Soci- 
ety, where he was admitted to membership 
Oct. 9, 1896.) 

Great-grandson of Alexander Buchanan, a pri- 
vate in Capt. William Tucker's company, 
First Regiment, Hunterdon County, New 
Jersey, militia. Certificate from the Adju- 
tant General of New Jersey. 

16 BARNETT, LEVI A., Danville. 

Great-grandson of Alexander Buchanan, a pri- 
vate in Capt. William Tucker's company, 
First Regiment, Hunterdon County, New 
Jersey militia. Certificate from the Adjutant 
General of New Jersey. 



122 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE NO. 

39 BEARD, FRANK MORTON, Hartford 
City. 

Great-great-grandson of Gersham Rust, Ser- 
geant under Capt. Shepard, Col. John Mos- 
ley's regiment, Massachusetts militia. Mas- 
sachusetts Pay Rolls, Revolutionary War, 
vol. 2^, p. 204; vol. 23, pp. 18, 55. 

Great-grandson of Justin Rust, enlisted under 
Noah Goodman, "Superintendent," Massa- 
chusetts Pay Rolls. 

51 BELL, JOSEPH E., Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of John Berry, a private on 
board the armed boat, Lion, and later a pri- 
vate in Capt. William Long's company, 
Eighth Battalion, Cumberland County mi- 
litia, Pennsylvania troops. Pennsylvania 
Archives, third series, vol. 23, pp. 94-97; 
vol. 23, pp. 661, 711. Certificate from the 
State Historian of Pennsylvania. 

Great-great-grandson of James Bell, a matross 
in Capt. Samuel Massey's company of artil- 
lery of the Philadelphia militia, commanded 
by Col. John Eyre; also a matross in Capt. 
John McCulloch's company of artillery, same 
commander and militia. Pennsylvania i\r- 
chives, second series, vol. 13, pp. 643, 716. 

50 BLAKER, LOUIS J., Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Paul Shuster, a private in 
Noah Townsend's Fourth Company, Sev- 
enth Battalion, Philadelphia militia. Penn- 
sylvania Archives, second series, vol. 13, p. 
738. Certificate from the State Librarian of 
Pennsylvania. 

66 BOGGS, MILTON MONROE, Macy. 

Great-grandson of James Stinson, private. Ser- 
geant, Lieutenant, and Captain under Cols. 
John Carter and John Servier, of the North 
Carolina troops. Certificate from the Bureau 
of Pensions, Washington, D. C. 



Roll of Members ' 123 

STATE NO. 

II BROWN, EDMUND L., Martinsville. 

Great-grandson of Benjamin Chambers, a pri- 
vate in the company of Col. James Chambers, 
Col. Wm. Thompson's battalion of rifle- 
men, 1775; also Second Lieutenant; also 
First Lieutenant of the First Regiment of 
the Pennsylvania line, 1776. Certificate 
from the State Librarian of Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania Archives, second series, vol. 10, 
pp. 16, 35, 328. 

45 BROWN, Rev. LEWIS, Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Ebenezer Butler, Sr., 
a private in Capt. Seymour's company, Maj. 
Thomas Bull, Connecticut light dragoons. 
Connecticut Men of the Revolution, p. 457. 

Great-grandson of Ebenezer Butler, Jr., private 
in Capt. Munson's company, Eighth Regi- 
ment of Connecticut, Gen. McDougall, 
Connecticut Men of the Revolution, p. 232. 

63 BUELL, JARED R., Indianapolis. 

Grandson of John Buell, a private of six enlist- 
ments, under Capts. Yale, Ely, Calkins, 
Wright, and Francis, and Cols. Parsons, Ely, 
and Swift, Connecticut militia. Certificate 
from the Bureau of Pensions, Washington, 
D. C. 

49 CAMPBELL, EDDY M., Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of John C. Campbell, a private 
in the Fourth Company of Col. Francis 
Marion's South Carolina regiment, Capt. 
Peter Gray. Saffell, pp. 291, 295. 

48 CARTER, WILLIAM, Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Stephen Carter, Second 
Lieutenant in Capt. Jonathan Whitcomb's 
company. Col. James Reed's regiment, New 
Hampshire troops. State Papers of New 
Hampshire, vol. 14; Revolutionary Rolls, 
vol. I, p. 92. 



I 24 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 



STATE NO. 



31 CLANCY, LESLIE DALE, Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Thomas Isbell, who 
enHsted in Albemarle County, Virginia. 
Certificate of the Department of the Interior, 
Washington, D. C. 

40 CLOSSER, SYLVANUS M., La Porte. 

Great-great-grandson of Col. Daniel McFar- 
land, of a body of troops ranging in Monon- 
gahela and Ohio Counties, Virginia. Pay 
abstract among the historical collections of 
the West Virginia University. Certificate 
from the Curator of the University. 

53 COLE, BARTON W., Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Benjamin Cole, private in 
Capt. Bigelow Lawrence's company. Col. 
Walbridge's regiment, of Vermont; also in 
Capt. Jonas Galusha's company. Col. Her- 
rick's regiment, of Vermont volunteers; also 
in Capt. John Pratt's company, Col. Wal- 
bridge's regiment. Record of the Pension 
Office, Washington, D. C, and of the Office 
of the Adjutant General of Vermont. 

69 COLE, ERNEST BYRON, Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Benjamin Cole, of Capt. 
Bigelow Lawrence's company. Col. Wal- 
bridge's regiment, of Vermont; also of Capt. 
Jonas Galusha's company. Col. Herrick's 
regiment; also of Capt. John Pratt's com- 
pany, Col, Walbridge's regiment. Certifi- 
cate from the Adjutant General of Vermont. 

Great-grandson of Asa Burnham, of the Lex- 
ington alarm list; also of the Eighth Com- 
pany, Eighth Regiment, under Col. Hunt- 
ington; also of Capt. Morgan's company, 
Eighth Regiment of New York militia; also 
of Capt. Belcher's company, Connecticut 
line. Later, Orderly Sergeant. 



Roll of Members 1 25 

STATE NO. 

54 CROW, Dr. CHARLES R., Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Thomas Shores, a pri- 
vate in Capt. Abraham Kirkpatrick's com- 
pany. Eleventh Virginia Regiment, Second 
Virginia Brigade, commanded by Col. Feb- 
iger. Certificate from the Record and Pen- 
sion Office, Washington, D. C. 

22 DICKOVER, MARK LESLIE, Valparaiso. 

Great-grandson of Henry Dickover, a private 
in Capt. John Wither's company, of Col. 
John Ferree's battalion of associators, Lan- 
caster County, Pennsylvania. Certificate 
from the State Librarian of Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 13, pp. 333, 305. 

Great-great-grandson of Philip Correll, a pri- 
vate in the associated company, in the town- 
ship of Springfield, Bucks County, Pennsyl- 
vania. Pennsylvania Archives, second series, 
vol. 141, p. 171. 

44 DOUGLASS, WILLIAM, LoGANSPORT. (Orig- 
inal Son.) 

Son of David Douglass, an Ensign of the Sec- 
ond Company, Capt. Thomas Manery, 
Eighth Battalion, York County mihtia, 
Lieut. Col. John Laird. Certificate from the 
State Librarian of Pennsylvania. 

10 ELDER, WILLIAM LINE, Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Rev. John Elder, a 
private in Capt. William Bell's company, of 
the Fourth Battalion, Lancaster County, Pa., 
associators, commanded by Col. James Burd. 
Pennsylvania Archives, second series, vol. 13, 
p. 311. 

Great-grandson of John Line, a private in Capt. 
Henry Miller's company of the First Regi- 
ment of the Continental line. Pennsylvania 
Archives, second series, vol. 10, pp. 335 and 

. 342. 



1 26 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE NO. 

Great-great-grandson of Andrew Rogers, En- 
sign of the Liberty company, of Hanover 
township, Lancaster County associators, and 
Third Lieutenant in Capt. James Rogers's 
company, of Col. Timothy Green's Hanover 
rifle battahon of Lancaster County asso- 
ciators; also a Corporal in Col. Butler's bat- 
talion, Continental line. Pennsylvania Ar- 
chives, second series, vol, 10, pp. 508, 512, 
and 532; vol. 13, p. 322. 

30 ELLIOTT, CHARLES EDGAR, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-great-grandson of James Elliott, Sr,, 
Corporal and Sergeant in Capt. Vernon's 
company, Col. Wayne's Fifth Pennsylvania 
Regiment; also Second Lieutenant of the 
Second Battalion, York County militia. First 
Lieutenant of the Second Company, and 
Captain of the Sixth Company, Fourth Bat- 
talion. Certificate from the State Librarian 
of Pennsylvania. 

2S ELLIOTT, JOSEPH T., Jr., Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of James Elliott, Sr., 
Corporal and Sergeant in Capt. Vernon's 
company. Col. Wayne's Fifth Pennsylvania 
Regiment; also Second Lieutenant of the 
Second Battalion, York County militia, First 
Lieutenant of the Second Company, and 
Captain of the Sixth Company, Fourth Bat- 
talion. Certificate from the State Librarian 
of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, 
vol. 14, pp. 500.512, 533. 

77 EWBANK, LOUIS BLASDEL, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-grandson of Jacob Blasdel, Lieutenant 
of Capt. Philip Tilton's company. New 
Hampshire troops; of Capt. David Quinby's 
company. Col. Wingate's roll of men raised 
for Canada; of Capt. Enoch Page's company, 
Lieut. Col. Joseph Senter's regiment. Jacob 



Roll of Members 1 27 

STATE NO. 

Blasdel was a member of the House of Rep- 
resentatives of New Hampshire in 179 1-2. 
New Hampshire Revokitionary War Rolls, 
Records of the Committee of Safety of New 
Hampshire, Journal of the House of Repre- 
sentatives of New Hampshire. Certificate 
from the Office of Secretary of State of New 
Hampshire. 

42 GATES, MOSES, Valparaiso. (Deceased.) 
(Original son.) 

Son of Jonas Gates, a drummer in Capt. Sib- 
ley's company. Col. Luke Drury's regiment, 
Massachusetts militia. Massachusetts Sol- 
diers and Sailors in the Revolution, vol. 6, 
p. 316. 

Grandson of Benjamin Gates, a Captain in Col. 
Jonathan Holman's regiment of Massachu- 
setts militia; also Captain in Col. Rufus Put- 
man's regiment of Massachusetts militia. 
Certificate from the Record and Pension 
Office, Washington, D. C. 

73 HARRISON, NICHOLAS McCARTY, In- 
dianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison, 
signer of the Declaration of Independence; 
member of the House of Burgesses of Vir- 
ginia; member of the Continental Congress; 
Governor of Virginia from 1782 to 1784; 
Colonel of militia of his native county. 

Great-great-grandson of John Cleves Symmes, 
member of the Continental Congress; 
Colonel in the Third Battalion of the Sussex 
County, New Jersey, militia; Justice of the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey. Register of 
Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revo- 
lution, pp. 348, 356; ancestry of Benjamin 
Harrison, Keith. 



128 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATB NO. 

71 HARRISON, RUSSELL BENJAMIN, In- 
dianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison, 
signer of the Declaration of Independence; 
member of the House of Burgesses of Vir- 
ginia; member of the Continental Congress; 
Governor of Virginia from 1782 to 1784; 
Colonel of militia of his native county. 

Great-great-grandson of John Cleves Symmes, 
member of the Continental Congress; 
Colonel in the Third Battalion of the Sussex 
County, New Jersey, militia; Justice of the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey. Register of 
Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revo- 
lution, pp. 348, 356; ancestry of Benjamin 
Harrison, Keith. 

70 HAYWARD, WILLIAM EUGENE, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-grandson of Nathan Hayward, private in 
Capt. Staples Chamberlain's company. Col. 
Abner Perry's regiment, Massachusetts 
troops. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors 
in the War of the Revolution, vol. 7, p. 627. 

Great-great-grandson of Nathaniel Comstock, 
Lieutenant in Col. Experience Storr's regi- 
ment. Connecticut Men in the Revolution, 
p. 631. 

Great-great-great-grandson of John Bradford, 
Corporal of Capt, Walker's company. Col. 
Elmore's regiment; also Capt. Cady's com- 
pany. Col. Chapman's regiment. Connect- 
icut Men in the Revolution, pp. 115, 533. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Daniel Fitch, 
Corporal of the Simsbury company. Fourth 
Regiment, Connecticut line; also Corporal of 
the Connecticut Light Infantry; also under 
Capt. Gregory, Ninth Regiment of militia. 
Gen. Wooster. Connecticut Men in the 
Revolution, pp. 186, 321, 351, 486. 



STATE NO. 



Roll of Members 129 

Great-grandson of Ichabod Shaw, private of 
the Lexington alarm Hst; also Corporal of 
Capt. Waterman's company, Col. Parsons's 
regiment. Connecticut Men in the Revolu- 
tion, pp. 24, 75. 

41 HUGHES, STANLEY C, Richmond. 

Great-great-grandson of Isaac Anderson, pri- 
vate under Capts. Samuel Miller and Van 
Swearingen, Cols. McCoy, Morgan, and 
Broadhead; again. Lieutenant under Capt. 
Shorer and Col. Laughry. Pennsylvania in 
the Revolution, vol. 2, pp. 684, 685-690. 
Record from the Bureau of Pensions, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

34 INGRIM, MARION HAMLIN, Winamac. 

Great-grandson of John Ingrim, a private in 
Capt. Gilbery McCay's company, of "His 
Excellency" Joseph Reed's command, Penn- 
sylvania volunteers. Certificate from the 
Record and Pension Office, Washington, 
D. C 

25 JENNISON, ALBERT CUNNING, Craw- 

FORDSVILLE. 

Great-grandson of John Jennison, a Captain in 
the "Battalion Flying Camp." Heitman, 
p. 252. 

Great-great-grandson of John Kirk, an Ensign 
in the Pennsylvania musket battalion. Heit- 
man, p. 252. 

59 JONES, CHARLES HAROLD, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-grandson of John Jones, a private. Cor- 
poral, and Sergeant in the Commander-in- 
Chief's guard. Continental troops. Certifi- 
cate from the Record and Pension Office, 
Washington, D. C. 



130 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 



STATE NO. 



37 KELSEY, BENJAMIN, Indianapolis. 

Grandson of George Kelsey, private, whose 
name appears on the pay-roll of Capt. John 
Ventres's company, Col. Worthington's regi- 
ment, Connecticut militia. Certified copy of 
the pay-roll from a notary public of the 
County of Suffolk, New York. 

62 LEACH, Dr. LEON T., Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Jonathan Mead, rank 
not stated, of Capt. Matthew Mead's com- 
pany. Ninth Connecticut Regiment, Col. 
John Mead; also a matross in Capt. Samuel 
Lockwood's company, Second Artillery 
Regiment, Continental troops; also private 
in Col. Lamb's regiment of artillery. Cer- 
tificates from the Bureau of Pensions and the 
Record and Pension Office, Washington, 
D. C. 

12 LILLY, JOHN MILLER, Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Col. Theunis Dey, a 
member of the New Jersey Assembly from 
Bergen County; member of General Assem- 
bly, New Jersey; member of Council; he was 
a commissioner with John Cleves Symmes, 
to visit the Jersey troops north of Albany, 
and was a member of the Provincial Congress 
and Committee of Safety and Correspond- 
ence, Bergen County, New Jersey. He was 
also Commissioner of Pardons and mustering 
officer under call of Congress, Certificate 
from the Adjutant General of New Jersey. 

Great-grandson of John Dey, a private in Col. 
Theunis Dey's regiment, Bergen County, 
N. J., miHtia. Certificate from the Adjutant 
General of New Jersey. 

21. LOCKRIDGE, ALBERT OWEN, Green- 
castle. 

Great-grandson of Andrew Malone, a Corporal 
in the Maryland militia under Capt. Veazey 



STATB NO. 



Roll of Members i 3 

and Col. Smallwood. Safifell, p. 234. Cer- 
tificate of Department of Interior, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Great-great-grandson of Thomas Shores, a pri- 
vate in Capt. Abraham Kirkpatrick's com- 
pany in a detachment of the Eleventh Vir- 
ginia Regiment, Second Virginia Brigade, 
commanded by Col. Febiger. Previously to 
enlisting under Capt. Kirkpatrick, he fought 
the Indians under George Rogers Clark. 
Collins's History of Kentucky, pp. 325-7, 
611-15. Certificate of the Record and Pen- 
sion Office, Washington, D. C. 

9 LOWES, JAMES HERVEY STEWART, In- 
dianapolis. 

Great-grandson of James Lowes, Ensign in the 
Third Regiment of Pennsylvania Infantry, 
under Col. Thomas Craig. Pennsylvania 
Archives, second series, vol. 15, pp. 432 and 
518; vol. 10, p. 450. 

Great-grandson of James Elliott, Sr., Corporal 
and Sergeant in Capt. Vernon's company, in 
Col. Wayne's Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment; 
also Second Lieutenant of the Second Bat- 
talion, York County militia. First Lieutenant 
of the Second Company, and Captain of the 
Sixth Company, Fourth Battalion. Certifi- 
cate from the State Librarian of Pennsyl- 
vania. Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 14, pp. 
500, 512, and 533. 

58 MARSH, FLETCHER E., Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Samuel Fletcher, 
Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel of Fletcher's 
regiment, Vermont militia; also Major Gen- 
eral of Vermont troops for six years; also a 
member of the convention that declared the 
independence of Vermont. Certificate from 
the Record and Pension Office, Washington, 
D. C. Certificate from the Adjutant Gen- 
eral of Vermont. 



132 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATB NO. 

33 MARTIN, HARRY C, Attica. 

Great-grandson of William Gookins, a private 
in Capt. Noble's company, Col. Ira Allen's 
regiment; also of Capt. Enoch Eastman's 
company, same regiment. New England 
Historical Register, p. 167. Certificate from 
the Adjutant General of Vermont. 

15 MINER, BENJAMIN DANIEL, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-grandson of Elias Miner, private in Capt. 
David F. Sill's company, Col. Samuel H. 
Parson's regiment, Connecticut. Certificate 
from the Adjutant General of Connecticut. 
Connecticut Men in the Revolution, p. 72. 

Great-grandson of Joseph Hollister, private in 
Capt. Jonathan Hall's company, Col. Erastus 
Wolcott's regiment. Certificate from the 
Adjutant General of Connecticut. Connecti- 
cut Men in the Revolution, p. 385. 

14 MINOR, JOHN WILLIAM, Jr., Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-great-great-grandson of William Wood- 
ford, who served in the battalion of the Con- 
necticut militia commanded by Lieut. Col. 
Mead. Connecticut Men in the Revolution, 
p. 622. 

Great-great-grandson of Samuel Woodford, 
who served in Capt. Stoddard's company, 
Connecticut militia. Connecticut Men in the 
Revolution, p. 502. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Abraham Bates, 
private in Capt. Joseph Trufant's company, 
Massachusetts militia. Massachusetts Sol- 
diers and Sailors of the Revolution, p. 774. 

55 MINTON, RUFUS CARLETON, Martins- 
ville. 

Great-grandson of Ebenezer Minton, a private 
of the Fourth troop, Capt. William Parsons, 



STATB NO. 



Roll of Members 133 

First Regiment of Light Dragoons, Conti- 
nental troops, from Virginia. Certificate 
from the Record and Pension Office, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

47 MOORE, JOSEPH, Bedford. (Deceased.) 
(Original Son.) 

Son of William Moore, a private under Capt. 
Jacob Free, Gen. Rutherford, South Carolina 
troops. Certificate from the Auditor for the 
Interior Department, Treasury Department, 
Washington, D. C. 

4 MOTT, JOPIN GRENVILLE, Michigan 
City. 

Grandson of James Mott, who served as non- 
commissioned officer in the campaign of 
1777 against Burgoyne; also Ensign in Capt. 
Jonathan Weller's company, of the Sixth 
New York Regiment. Minutes of the Coun- 
cil of Appointment, vol. i, p. 93. This is a 
manuscript volume in custody of the Regents 
of the University of the State of New York 
in the State Library of New York. Certifi- 
cate from the Archivist of the University of 
the State of New York. 

Great-grandson of James Denton, Second 
Lieutenant in Capt. Samuel Clark's com- 
pany. Fourth Ulster County Regiment of the 
New York state militia under command of 
Col. Jonathan Hasbrouck; also First Lieu- 
tenant and Captain. Military Returns, Mss., 
vol. 26, p. 33; Minutes of the Council of Ap- 
pointment, vol. I, p. 34; same, p. 192. Cer- 
tificate from the Archivist of the University 
of the State of New York. 

57 MOTT, RUSSELL, Michigan City. 

Great-grandson of James Mott, a non-commis- 
sioned officer who served against Burgoyne. 
Later he was commissioned Ensign in Capt. 



134 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE WO. 

John Weller's company, Sixth New York 
Regiment. For proofs, see record under 
John Grenville Mott. 

Great-great-grandson of James Denton, Sec- 
ond Lieutenant in Capt. Samuel Clark's com- 
pany. Fourth Ulster County Regiment, New 
York militia. He was made First Lieutenant 
and Captain. For proof, see record under 
John Grenville Mott. 

56 NOBLE, Col. CHARLES HENRY, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-grandson of John Blood, a private in 
Capt. Holden's company, of Col. Jonathan 
Reed's regiment; also of Capt. Smith's com- 
pany. Col. Bigelow's regiment, of the Conti- 
nental army, from Massachusetts. Certifi- 
cate from the Secretary of the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts. 

Great-grandson of Miles Powell, Lieutenant 
Colonel in the regiment of minute men com- 
manded by Col. Patterson, and later Lieu- 
tenant Colonel of the Third Regiment. Col. 
Israel Chapen; also same rank in Col. Benja- 
min Simonds's regiment of troops from 
Massachusetts. Certificate from the Secre- 
tary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

43 PARRY, DAVID MACLEAN, Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of John Cadwalader, Colonel 
of a regiment of Pennsylvania militia; ap- 
pointed Brigadier-General in Continental 
army, which he declined; Brigadier-General 
of Pennsylvania militia. Heitman, p. 112; 
Saffell, p. 532. 

52 PATTEN, HIRAM B., Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Benjamin Cole, private in 
Capt. Bigelow Lawrence's company, Col. 
Walbridge's regiment of Vermont; also in 
Capt. Jonas Galusha's company, Col. Her- 
rick's regiment of Vermont volunteers; also 



Roll of Members 135 

STATB NO. 

in Capt. John Pratt's company, Col. Wal- 
bridge's regiment. Record of the Pension 
Office, Washington, D. C, and of the Office 
of the Adjutant General of Vermont. 



72 PEPPLE, WORTH WILLARD, Michigan 
City. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Edmund Little- 
field, private under Capt. William Briggs; 
under Capt. Robert Swan and Col. Benjamin 
Gill; under Capt. Amos Lincoln, Col. Craft's 
artillery. He was appointed matross under 
Capt. Amos Lincoln. Massachusetts Ar- 
chives, vol. II, p. 212; vol. 14, p. 14'. vol. 3, 
p. 156; vol. 38, p. 177; vol. 29, p. 218. 

6 PERDUE, LEMUEL FORD, Terre Haute. 

Great-great-grandson of Maj. Joseph Mc- 
Dowell, of the Burke County, North Caro- 
lina militia; was member of House of Com- 
mons of N. C; member of N. C. Constitu- 
tional Convention; member of Congress. 
Draper's Kings Mountain and Its Heroes, 

P- 431- 

46 PHILLIPS, WILLIAM M., Denver, Col. 
(Also a member of the Colorado Society.) 

Great-grandson of Henry Phillips, private in 
the Second Regiment of Maryland troops. 
Records of the Colorado Society of Sons of 
the Revolution. 

Great-grandson of Daniel Russell, private in 
the First Company, Col. Thomas Marshall's 
regiment; also private in Capt. Aaron Os- 
good's company. Col. Samuel Williams's 
regiment; also Capt. John King's company, 
Col. Marshall's regiment, from Massachu- 
setts. Records of the Colorado Society of 
Sons of the Revolution. 



136 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE NO. 

38 PHILPUTT, Rev. ALLAN B., Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of John Beardon, a private in 
the South CaroHna Hne, under Capt. Wor- 
ford; again under Capt. Gowen; again under 
Capt. Putnam. Report of Secretary of War, 
vol. 3, p. 46, under Tennessee. Certificate 
of Old War and Navy Division, 2991. 

5 PUGH, JOHN DAVIS, Shelbyville. 

Great-grandson of John Pugh, a private in 
Capt. Joseph Gardner's company, Second 
Battalion, Col. Evan Evans; also Ensign of 
the Eighth Company, Fifth Battalion, Col. 
John McDowell. Pennsylvania Archives, 
second series, vol. 14, under Chester County. 
Also Friends' Record, Chester County. 

64 REMY, CHARLES FREDERICK, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-great-grandson of James Adair, Sr., a 
private under Capt. Frank Ross, Col. 
Thomas Neil, South Carolina troops; again 
under Capt. John McCool, Col. David Hop- 
kins. Certificate from the Bureau of Pen- 
sions, Washington, D. C. 

74 RITCHIE, CLAUDE GRIFFITH, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-great-grandson of David Akin, private 
of the New York militia. Documents of 
Colonial History of New York, Vol. 15 
p. 312. 

20 ROBISON, EUGENE A., Rocklane. 

Great-great-grandson of Andrew Duniap, who 
served in the corps of invalids. Continental 
troops. Rank not stated. Certificate of 
Record and Pension Office, War Depart- 
ment, Washington, D. C. Also Saffell, 
p. 222. 



Roll of Members 1 37 

STATB MO. 

7 ROWE, LOUIS M., M. D., Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Zachariah Fitch, First 
Lieutenant of Capt. Henry Farwell's com- 
pany, Col. Wm. Prescott's regiment, Massa- 
chusetts mihtia, and Captain in Col. Samuel 
Brewer's regiment. Archives of Mass., vol. 
12, p. 62; vol. 52, p. 40; vol. 19, p. 67. 



19 SIMS, CHARLES N., D. D., Syracuse, N. Y. 

Great-grandson of William Sims, member of 
an independent company for Albemarle 
County, Virginia, Capt. Charles Lewis. Vir- 
ginia Historical Collections, Gilmer series, 
vol. 6, pp. 82, 85. 



dy SMITH, SCOTT VOSS, Indianapolis. 

Great-great-great-great-grandson of James 
Snodgrass, who served in the militia of Au- 
gusta and Washington Counties, Virginia, 
and was Major of Col. William Campbell's 
"Virginians." Draper's Kings Mountain, 
pp. 257, 268, 584, 589. Col. Arthur Camp- 
bell's Memoirs of Gen. William Campbell. 

Great-great-great-grandson of William Snod- 
grass, chaplain of the Seventy-first Virginia 
Regiment, under Col. William Campbell. 
Draper's Kings Mountain, pp. 320-22, 588. 

Great-great-great-great-grandson of John 
White, Ensign in the Seventh Virginia 
Regiment; Second Lieutenant in the Fifth 
Virginia Regiment; First Lieutenant, Fourth 
Virginia Regiment. Heitman's Historical 
Register, pp. 431, 478. 

Great-grandson of John Smith, a Lieutenant in 
Col. Walker's Virginia Regiment. Saffell, 
p. 321. 



138 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE NO. 

Great-great-great-great-grandson of James 
Barnett, Ensign and Second Lieutenant in 
the Sixth Virginia Regiment. Heitman, 
p. 76. 

Great-great-great-great-grandson of William 
Bartlet, private under Capt. Porterfield, Col. 
Morgan's riflemen, Virginia troops. Safifell, 
p. 260. 

28 SMOCK, WILLIAM C, Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Jacob Smock, a private and 
Sergeant in Capt. Robert Higgins's com- 
pany, known also as Maj. Jonathan Clark's 
and Capt. William Croghan's company of the 
Fourth; known also as the Eighth and the 
Fourth, Eighth, and Twelfth Regiments of 
Virginia troops, commanded at various times 
by Cols. James Wood, John Nevill, and Ab- 
raham Bowman. Certificate from the Rec- 
ord and Pension Office, Washington, D. C. 

Great-grandson of Simon Vanarsdalen, Captain 
of a company of York County associators 
and Major of the Fourth Battalion, York 
County militia. Certificate from the State 
Librarian of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania 
Archives, vol. 14, pp. 497, 511. 

76 SMOCK, HARRY E., Franklin. 

Great-great-grandson of Jacob Smock, who 
served as private and Sergeant in Capt. 
Robert Higgins's company of the Fourth 
Regiment of Virginia troops. Col. James 
Wood. Certificate from the Record and 
Pension Office, Washington, D. C. 

Great-great-grandson of Simon Vanarsdalen, 
Captain of a company of York County asso- 
ciators, and Major of the Fourth Battalion, 
York County militia. Pennsylvania Ar- 
chives, vol. 14, pp. 497, 511. Certificate 
from the State Librarian of Pennsylvania. 



Roll of Members i 39 



STATK NO. 



27 SNIDER, ALBERT G., Indianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Edmund Freeman, 
who was Captain in Col. Jonathan Chase's 
regiment, New Hampshire militia. Revolu- 
tionary War Rolls of New Hampshire, 
vol. 2, pp. 45 and 378. 

75 STOCKING, Rev. CHARLES H. W., Vin- 
CENNES. (Transferred from the New 
York Society, where he was admitted to 
membership June 13, 1899.) 

Great-grandson of Abner Stocking, com- 
mander of a privateer; also under Capt. 
Ezekiel Scott, Second Connecticut Regi- 
ment, Brig, Gen, Joseph Spencer; also Cap- 
tain of militia. Rolls of the Adjutant Gen- 
eral of Connecticut, pp. 46, 92. New Eng- 
land Genealogical and Historical Register, 
Apr., 1896, pp. 174-176. 

60 SULLIVAN, RICHARD HUGHES, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-great-grandson of John Hughes, a pri- 
vate under Capt. John Barrett, Col. William 
Dandridge; also under Capt. Littleburg of 
the Virginia Cavalry; also private under 
Capt. Charles Williamson, Maj. John Willis 
Battle, and Capt. Thomas Pollock, Col. Bev- 
erly Randolph. Also Ensign under the last. 
Lieutenant under Capt. Samuel Woodson, 
Col. Henry Skepwith, Virginia troops. Cer- 
tificate from the Commissioner of Pensions, 
Washington, D. C. 

2 TARKINGTON, JESSE CLAIBORNE, In- 
dianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Silas Foster, Commander of 
the brigantine Joanna, a privateer of the 
Revolution. Certificate from the Depart- 
ment of State, Washington, D. C. 



140 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE NO. 

Great-great-grandson of Nathaniel Foster, a 
private in the Middlesex County, New Jer- 
sey, militia. Certificate from the Adjutant 
General of New Jersey. 



68 TARKINGTON, NEWTON BOOTH, In- 
dianapolis. 

Great-great-grandson of Jonah Wood, a private 
in the Tenth Company, Eighth Regiment, 
Connecticut militia, Capt. John Ripley. 
Connecticut Men in the Revolution, p. 90. 

Great-great-grandson of Jonathan Slawson, 
private in Capt. Scofield's company, Ninth 
Regiment of Connecticut, commanded by 
Col. John Mead. Connecticut Men in the 
Revolution, pp. 554, 626. 

Great-great-grandson of Hezekiah Wood, 
Westchester County militia. Third Regi- 
ment, New York militia; also Bradley's bat- 
talion, Wadsworth's brigade, Capt. Keeler's 
company, Connecticut troops; also of Capt. 
E. Lockwood's coast guards; also Lieutenant 
of the Fourth Regiment of Connecticut. 
New York Men in the Revolution, p. 217; 
Connecticut Men in the Revolution, pp. 427, 
557; Records of the State of Connecticut, 
vol. 2, p. 30. 

18 TARKINGTON, WILLIAM SIMPSON R., 
Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Jonathan Slawson, private 
in Capt. Scofield's company, Ninth Regi- 
ment of Connecticut, commanded by Col. 
John Mead. Connecticut Men in the Revo- 
lution, pp. 554, 626. 

Great-grandson of Jonah Wood, who enlisted 
as private in the Tenth Company, Eighth 
Regiment, Connecticut militia, Capt. John 
Ripley. Connecticut Men in the Revolution, 
p. 90. 



Roll of Members 141 

STATE NO. 

Great-great-grandson of Hezekiah Wood, 
Westchester County militia, Third Regi- 
ment, New York mihtia; also Bradley's bat- 
talion, Wadsworth's brigade, Capt. Keeler's 
company, Connecticut troops; also of Capt. 
E. Lockwood's coast guards; also Lieutenant 
of the Fourth Regiment of Connecticut. 
New York Men in the Revolution, p. 217; 
Connecticut Men in the Revolution, pp. 427, 
557; Records of the State of Connecticut, 
vol. 2, p. 30. 



8 TAYLOR, HAROLD, Indianapolis. 

Great-grandson of Robert Taylor, enrolled as 
minuteman at Boonesboro Station, Ky.; also 
served under Capt. John Holder and Col. 
Logan against the Indians, and was under 
Gen. George Rogers Clark when he defeated 
the Indians at Mad River, near Piqua, Ohio; 
also was a minuteman in Frederick County, 
Virginia; also Orderly Sergeant under Capt. 
Bell. Certificate of the Department of the 
Interior, Washington, D. C. 



17 THOMPSON, CLAUDE LEE, Crawfords- 

VILLE. 

Great-great-grandson of Matthew Grigg, of 
the Virginia troops under Capt. Mountjoy 
and Col. Buford. Certificate of the Depart- 
ment of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 



36 THOMPSON, MAURICE, Crawfordsville. 
(Deceased.) 

Great-grandson of Matthew Grigg, of the Vir- 
ginia troops under Capt. Mountjoy and Col. 
Buford. Certificate of the Department of the 
Interior, Washington, D. C. 



142 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 

STATE NO. 

24 TILTON, CHARLES SEWALL, Indian- 
apolis. 

Great-grandson of Gideon Currier, Jr., a pri- 
vate in Capt. Dearborn's company. Col. Wy- 
man's regiment, Vermont troops. Certified 
copy of discharge, signed by Gen. Horatio 
Gates. 



13 VAN BRUNT, HENRY, Terre Haute. 

Great-grandson of Abijah Smith, Captain of 
New Hampshire troops. Revolutionary 
War Rolls of New Hampshire, vol. i, pp. 2, 
158; State Papers of New Hampshire, Ham- 
mond, vol. 14, p. 420. 

Great-great-grandson of Capt. Nicholas Van 
Brunt, of the Third Regiment, Monmouth 
County, New Jersey, militia. From the rec- 
ords in the office of the Adjutant General of 
New Jersey. 

Great-great-grandson of Capt. Kenneth Hank- 
inson, of Col. David Forman's battalion, 
Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Heard's New Jersey 
State troops, who was also one of the com- 
missioners appointed to confiscate and sell 
the real estate of loyalists who joined the 
king's army or went within the British lines. 
Minutes of Court of Common Pleas, Mon- 
mouth County, 1 778- 1 790. From record of 
the Adjutant General of New Jersey. 



WHITE, JOHN HAZEN, Rt. Rev., Mich- 
igan City. 

Great-grandson of Maj, Moses White, Captain 
in the Second Canadian — Hazen's — Regi- 
ment, Continental line, and Aid-de-camp to 
Brig Gen, Moses Hazen. Heitman's Hist. 
Register, p. 43i- 



Roll of Members 143 

STATE NO. 

26 WOOD, WILLIAM ALLEN, Indianapolis. 
(Transferred from the Illinois Society, where 
he was admitted to membership Nov. 24, 
1896.) 

Great-great-grandson of Joseph Allen, a soldier 
of the Pennsylvania line. Rank unrecorded. 
Certificate from the State Librarian of Penn- 
sylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, second 
series, vol. 13, p. 6. 

35 WRIGHT, WILLIAM HENRY, Indian- 
apolis. (Deceased.) 

Great-grandson of Corp. Amos Wright, of 
Capt. Jonathan Minot's company, of Col. 
Prescott's regiment, Massachusetts militia. 
From the original muster rolls in the Massa- 
chusetts Statehouse. 

Great-grandson of Hosea Hildreth, a Corporal 
in Capt. Jonathan Minot's company. Col. 
Prescott's regiment, Massachusetts militia. 
From the original muster rolls in Massa- 
chusetts Statehouse. 




Roll of Ancestors 



Adair, James, Sr. 

Remy, Charles Frederick. 

Adams, Levi. 

Adams, H. Alden. 

Akin, David. 

Richie, Claude Griffith. 

Allen, Joseph. 

Wood, WiUiam Allen. 

Anderson, Isaac. 
Hughes, Stanley C. 

Barhydt, Jerome. 

Barhydt, Theodore Wells, 

Bates, Abraham. 

Minor, John William, Jr. 

Beardon, John, 

Philputt, Rev. Allan B. 

Bell, James. 

Bell, Joseph E. 

Berry, John. 
Bell, Joseph E. 

Blasdel, Jacob. 
Ewbank, Louis B. 



Blood, John. 

Noble, Col. Charles Henry. 

Bradford, John. 

Hayward, William Eugene. 

Buchanan, Alexander. 
Barnett, Levi A. 
Barnett, Col. John Thomas. 

BuELL, John. 
Buell, Jared R. 

BuRNHAM, Asa. 

Cole, Ernest Byron. 

Butler, Ebenezer, Sr. 
Brown, Rev. Lewis. 

Butler, Ebenezer, Jr. 
Brown, Rev. Lewis, 

Butt, Josiah. 

Adams, H. Alden, 

Butt, Sherebiah. 
Adams, H. Alden. 

Cadwalader, John. 
Parry, David M. 

Campbell, John C. 
Campbell, Eddy M. 



144 



Roll of Ancestors 



145 



Carter, Stephen. 
Carter, William. 

Chambers, Benjamin. 
Brown, Edmund L. 

Cole, Benjamin. 
Patten, Hiram B. 
Cole, Barton W. 
Cole, Ernest Byron. 

CoMSTOCK, Nathaniel. 

Hayward, William Eugene. 

CoRRELL, Philip. 

Dickover, Mark Leslie. 

Currier, Gideon, Jr. 
Tilton, Charles Sewall. 

Day, Ezra. 

Adams, H. Alden. 

Denton, James. 

Mott, John Grenville. 
Mott, Russell. 

Dey, John. 

Lilly, John Miller. 

Dey, Thunis. 

Lilly, John Miller. 

Douglass, David. 
Douglass, William. 

Dickover, Henry. 

Dickover, Mark Leslie. 

DuNLAP, Andrew. 
Robison, Eugene A. 

Elder, John, Rev. 
Elder, William Line. 



Elliott, James, Sr. 
Elliott, Joseph T., Jr. 
Elliott, Charles Edgar. 

Fitch, Daniel. 

Hayward, William Eugene. 

Fitch, Zachariah. 
Rowe, Louis M. 

Fletcher, Samuel. 
Marsh, Fletcher E. 

Foster, Moses. 

Adams, H. Alden. 

Foster, Nathaniel. 
Tarkington, Jesse C. 

Foster, Silas. 

Tarkington, Jesse Clai- 
borne. 
Baker, Frank Tarkington. 

Freeman, Edmund. 
Snider, Albert G. 

Gates, Jonas. 
Gates, Moses. 

GooKiNs, William. 
Martin, Harry C. 

Grigg, Mathew. 

Thompson, Maurice. 
Thompson, Claude Lee. 

Harrison, Benjamin. 
Harrison, Russell Benja- 
min. 
Harrison, Nicolas Mc- 
Carty. 



146 The Sons of the Revolution in Indiana 



Hawkins, Kenneth. 
Van Brunt, Henry. 



Malone, Andrew. 

Lockridge, Albert Owen. 



Hayward, Nathan. McDowell, Joseph. 

Hayward, William Eugene. Perdue, Lemuel Ford. 



Hildreth, Hosea. 

Wright, William Henry. 

HoLLiSTER, Joseph. 

Miner, Benjamin Daniel. 



McFarland, Col. Daniel. 
Closser, Sylvanus M. 

Mead, Jonathan. 
Leach, Leon T. 



Hughes, John. Merriam, David. 
Sullivan, Richard Hughes. Adams, H. Alden. 

Ingrim, John. Merriam, Isaac. 
Ingrim, Marion Hamlin. Adams, H. Alden. 



Isbell, Thomas. 

Clancy, Leslie Dale. 

Jennison, John. 

Jennison, Albert Cunning. 

Jones, John. 

Jones, Charles Harold. 

Kelsey, George. 
Kelsey, Benjamin. 

Kirk, John. 

Jennison, Albert Cunning. 

Line, John. 

Elder, William Line. 

Littlefield, Edmund. 
Pepple, Worth Willard. 

Lowes, James. 

Lowes, James Hervey 
Stewart. 



Miner, Elias. 

Miner, Benjamin Daniel. 

MiNTON, EbENEZER. 

Minton, Rufus Carleton. 

Moore, William. 
Moore, Joseph. 

MoTT, James. 

Mott, John Grenville. 
Mott, Russell. 

Phillips, Henry. 
Phillips, WiUiam M. 

Powell, Miles. 

Noble, Col. Charles Henry. 

PuGH, John. 

Pugh, John Davis. 

Rogers, Andrew. 

Elder, William Line. 



Roll of Ancestors 



H7 



Rood, Solomon. 
Adams, H. Alden. 

Russell, Daniel. 
Phillips, William M. 

Rust, Gersham. 
Beard, Frank M. 

Rust, Justin. 

Beard, Frank M. 



Stinson, James. 

Boggs, Milton M. 

Stocking, Abner. 

Stocking, Rev. Charles 
H. W. 

Symmes, John Cleves. 
Harrison, Russell Benja- 
min. 
Harrison, Nicholas Mc- 
Carty. 



Shaw, Ichabod. 

Hayward, William Eugene. Taylor, Robert. 

^ Taylor, Harold. 

Shores, Thomas. 

Lockridge, Albert Owen 

Crow, Charles R. 



Shuster, Paul. 
Blaker, Louis J. 

Sims, William. 
Sims, Charles A. 



Van Brunt, Nicholas. 
Van Brunt, Henry. 

Vanarsdalen, Simon. 
Smock, William C. 
Smock, Harry E. 

White, Moses. 

White, John Hazen. 



Slawson, Jonathan. 

Tarkington, William Simp- .,. ^t 

son Reeves Wood, Hezekiah. 

Tarkington, Newton Booth. Tarkington, W. S. R 

larkmgton, Newton Booth. 



Smith, Abijah. 

Van Brunt, Henry. 

Smock, Jacob. 

Smock, William C. 
Smock, Harry E. 

Snodgrass, James. 
Smith, Scott Voss. 

Snodgrass, William. 
Smith, Scott Voss. 

Stilwell, Joseph. 

Anderson, Dorsey L. 
9 



Wood, Jonah. 

Tarkington, William Simp- 
son Reeves. 
Tarkington, Newton Booth. 

Woodford, Samuel. 

Minor, John William, Jr. 

Woodford, William. 

Minor, John William, Jr. 

Wright, Amos. 

Wright, William Henry. 



Officers of the Indiana Society 



1902 



President 
John Grenville Mott Michigan City 

Vice-President 
David Maclean Parry Indianapolis 

Secretary 
Leslie Dale Clancy Indianapolis 

Treasurer 
Dr. Harry Alden Adams Indianapolis 

Registrar 
Charles Sewall Tilton Indianapolis 

Chaplain 
Rev. Lewis Brown Indianapolis 

Board of Managers 
Col. John T. Barnett, Chairman 
William L. Elder William Allen Wood 

Louis J. Blaker Jesse Claiborne Tarkington 

The President, Secretary, Registrar, and Chaplain are 
ex-ofEcio members of the Board of Managers 

148 



Officers of the Indiana Society from its 
Organization, September thirtieth, 1897 

1897 

President — Jesse Claiborne Tarkington 
Vice-President — John Grenville Mott 
Secretary — Harold Taylor 
Treasurer — John D. Ptigh 
Registrar — Dr. H. Alclen Adams 
Chaplain — Rt. Rev. John Hazen White 
Chairman of tlie Board of Managers — William Line Elder 

1898 

President — Jesse Claiborne Tarkington 
Vice-President — John Grenville Mott 
Secretary — William Allen Wood 
Treasurer — Benjamin D. Miner 
Registrar — Dr. H. Alden Adams 
Chaplain — Rt. Rev. John Hazen White 
Chairman of tJie Board of Managers — William Line Elder 

1899 

President — Jesse Claiborne Tarkington 
Vice-President — John Grenville Mott 
Secretary — William Allen Wood 
Treasurer — Benjamin D. Miner 
Registrar — Dr. H. Alden Adams 
Chaplain — Rt. Rev. John Hazen White 
Chairman of the Board of Managers — William Line Elder 

1900 

President — Jesse Claiborne Tarkington 
Vice-President — John Grenville Mott 
Secretary — William Allen Wood 
Treasurer — Benjamin D. Miner 
Registrar — Dr. H. Alden Adams 
Chaplain — Rev. Allan B. Philputt 

Chairman of the Board of Managers — William Line Elder 

1901 

President — William Line Elder 

Vice-President — John Grenville Mott 

Secretary — John W. Minor, Jr 

Treasurer — Benjamin D. Miner 

Registrar — Charles Sewall Tilton 

Chaplain — Rev. Lewis Brown 

Chairman of the Board of Managers — Jesse Claiborne 



Tarkington 



149 



Officers of the Indiana Society 

Elected for 1903-04 

President 
William Allen Wood Indianapolis 

Vice-President 
Newton Booth Tarkington Indianapolis 

Secretary 
Ernest Byron Cole Indianapolis 

Treasurer 
Dr. Harry Alden Adams Indianapolis 

Registrar 
Scott Voss Smith Indianapolis 

Chaplain 
Rev. Stanley C. Hughes Richmond 

Board of Managers 
Col. John T. Barnett, Chairman 
Rev. Lewis Brown Louis J. Blaker 

William Line Elder Russell B. Harrison 



JAN 2" 1904 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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